Innovative Experiment: Tuvalu Long-Form Census Integration
Explore how the Tuvalu Long-Form Census project integrates data collections efficiently, reducing costs and respondent burden. Can quality be maintained across Census and HIES in a single survey? Financial and data implications are examined.
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TUVALU Long-Form Census Innovative Experiment 13thMeeting of the PSMB, May 2024, Canberra, AU Andrea Borlizzi & Lae Peleti extandreab@spc.int
Background Census and surveys are huge undertakings Pacific: often across remote areas Logistically challenging Long to implement Expensive to implement Resource-intensive on NSOs (small number of staff) Heavy burden on respondents Facing increasing data requirements to measure and report against development indicators Result: frequency and timeliness of household survey data production are not always optimal.
Background CSD and SPC collaborated to implement the Tuvalu Long-Form Census (LFC) project, which aims to improve the efficiency in the two data collections by integrating them into a single one. HIES questionnaire introduced in the 2022 Population and Housing Census one and administered to a pre-selected sample. Main goal: to collect the data that would normally be collected during an independent census and an independent consumption survey via one integrated Long Form Census . The original research proposal was discussed (and approved) at the 9thPSMB Meeting (April 2022).
Potential benefits and constraints of an integrated survey BENEFITS High return on investment: more data can be produced for the same cost; Lower per-unit cost: fixed costs are spread across two collections; Production of a more comprehensive dataset additional or more disaggregated analysis; Reduced burden on respondents and the NSO due to fewer surveys (1-visit approach: 1 questionnaire, 1 training, 1 field work, etc.). CONSTRAINTS Length of the interview; Wider range of skills required to the enumerators.
The research question Can we meet data quality requirements of both Census and HIES by conducting the census and the HIES as a single integrated household survey, while saving cost at the same time? Financial implications of integrated surveys Data quality implications (compared to the benchmark of two stand- alone surveys) Other potential costs or benefits deriving from the integration of the two data collections.
Research design and method (1) Previous Census: 2017 PHC. Around 10,000 people and 1,700 hhs spread across 9 islands; about 2 thirds of population in Funafuti. Previous HIES: 2015 for CPI rebase and food security analysis (no poverty assessment poverty indicators drawn from 2006 HIES). PHC scheduled for 2022; HIES scheduled for 2023 1sttime CAPI; Food consumption: from 2-week diary to 7-day recall + individual FAFH module
Research design and method (2) CAPI questionnaire households only participating in census are only asked the census questions, while for HIES participating households, HIES-relevant questions were enabled on household consumption, income, expenditure, labour, agriculture, etc. HIES sample: random selection of 660 households in both urban (Funafuti, 350 hhs) and rural (all other islands, 310 hhs) strata. 56 enumerators and 14 supervisors to complete the field operations. Each team interviewed both HIES-selected and census-only households.
Questionnaire design The Census questionnaire has not been modified, not to compromise the collection of essential demographic and socio-economic data required from census. The main structure of the census questionnaire is followed throughout the interview; HIES questions are then inserted into the relevant sections and asked to HIES-selected households (thanks to CAPI interviewing). Labour market questions are common across both census and HIES, but are more comprehensive in the HIES questionnaire Questions on food consumption are only included in the questionnaire for HIES- selected households.
Fieldwork issues Original census date: November 13, 2022. Field work supposed to continue until the week of 12 December. HOWEVER Covid outbreak made it impossible for enumerators to travel to Funafuti Online Training. Poor internet connection quality of the training negatively affected (also by translation issues). Lockdown Delayed start of the fieldwork (12thDecember); Census night set on Dec. 11th, 2022 (Christmas holidays: many community celebrations, hhs not at home). Resistance to allow enumerators at home High staff turn-over (high demand from seasonal worker schemes) CONSEQUENCE: Fieldwork ended on 2ndJune 2023 (far from the census night).
Preliminary considerations on the quality of data Food Consumption Only 492 households with valid food consumption data. Issues of: Under-reporting (0 or too low food items and hence DEC), Over-reporting (rice, sugar, flour: acquisition rather than consumption) Many quantities in non-standard units Missing values in the monetary value (3%) Despite all these issues, the food consumption data were still considered suitable to inform food consumption patterns at both national and regional levels (Factsheet Link). Trends were also consistent with the previous HIES data, despite the different design (diary vs. recall and PAPI vs. CAPI).
Further steps Comparing the quality of data of the previous HIES and census with that of the LFC. Comparing the budget of the previous HIES and census with that of the LFC. Taking into account confounding/limiting factors Covid (online training; lockdown; etc.) CAPI vs PAPI Diary vs. recall Data constraints in previous HIES (no poverty assessment) No HIES hhs with no Census questions (benchmark?) Lessons learned What can be improved: Training, fieldwork monitoring, length of the interview, etc.
PSMB is invited to 1. Provide advice / guidance on the methodology proposed in the report. 2. Note that a revised version of the report, with final results in terms of both data quality and financial implications, will be brought to the next Board meeting for approval (October 2024). THANK YOU
