Innovative Transportation Funding Solutions
New approaches to funding transportation projects, including support for eliminating federal oversight requirements, designation of separate funding pools for deficient bridges, and coordination for safety grants.
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CLASS :- M. COM FINAL SEMESTER 4TH SUBJECT :- INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TOPIC:- ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES DEPARTMENT :- COMMERCE COLLEGE :- I.B. (PG) COLLEGE, PANIPAT AFFILIATED TO KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA BY :- PROFESSOR SAKSHI MUNJAL
Organisation Structure Framework Meaning : Organisation is defined by the formal structure, coordination, control system and organisation culture. It s the formal arrangement of rules, responsibilities and relationships within an organization . It s the powerful tool for implementing strategy.
Organisational Structure An organization structure is a visual diagram of a company that describes : What employs do? Whom they report to? How decisions are made across the business? Organisational structure can use functions, markets, products or process as their guide.
Types of Organisational Structure Functional Organisation Structure Projectized Organisation Structure Matrix Organisation Structure Geographic Organisation Structure Process based Structure
Differentiation in Organisation Structure It basically includes : 1.Vertical Differentiation 2.Horizontal Differentiation
Differentiation in Oganisation Structure Vertical Differentiation : It is further divided into two parts which are : Centralization: If the decision making power is concentrated at a single point, the organizational structure is centralised. Decentralization: Transfer of decision making power and assignment of accountability and responsibility for results.
Differentiation in Oganisation Structure Horizontal Differentiation : In this we study the way to design formal structure. These functions are: Specify the set of organisational task. Divide these tasks into jobs, departments, subsidiaries and divisions to get the work done. Assign authority relationships to get workdone in a way that supports company strategy .
International HRM Approaches According to organisation structure, these approaches are : Ethnocentric : Key position filled by nationals of parent company . Polycentric : Most country nationals recruited to manage subsidiary in their own country. Geocentric : Best people recruited, whatever their nationality. Regiocentric : Best people recruited within region in which the subsidiary operates. (eg: EU, USA)
Choice of International HRM Approaches Depend Upon Solutions: Degree and type of internationalisation Type of industry and market served Characteristics of staff of different countries Cultural preferences according to country
Elements of Organisational Structure Chain of command Span of control Centralisation Specialisation Formalisation Departmentalisation
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