Insight into Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 Analysis
Explore a detailed analysis of Protection System Misoperations in Q4 2018, including misoperation rates by region, voltage categories, relay system types, equipment categories, and more. Gain valuable insights into failure trends, relay system performance, and voltage-based misoperations to enhance system protection strategies and reliability.
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System Protection Working Group (SPWG) Update to ROS April, 4, 2019 Micheal Davis, Jr, P.E.
SPWG Meeting Meeting held on March 5, 2019 2019 SPWG Vice-Chair Nominee: John Karlik, P.E. Austin Energy | Power System Engineer Sr.| Protection Engineering
Transmission Operator Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 ERCOT Protection System Misoperations Data 138kV and 345kV Combined % Misoperation Rate Overall 345kV 138kV 4 per. Mov. Avg. (Overall) 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 2011 Q4 2012 Q1 2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4 2013 Q1 2013 Q2 2013 Q3 2013 Q4 2014 Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2015 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2016 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 Q4 2017 Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2018 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4
Misop Rates by Region 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% FRCC MRO NPCC RF SERC TRE WECC NERC 2013 Q4 - 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 - 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 - 2016 Q3 2016 Q4 - 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 - 2018 Q3
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 Q4 2018 Partial # of Misoperations Total 28 160 345 kV 10 52 138 kV 16 102 < 100 kV 2 6 By Category Failure to Trip 1 5 Slow Trip 0 4 Unnecessary Trip during Fault 15 85 Unnecessary Trip Non Fault 12 66 SPS 0 0 By Relay System Type Electromechanical 5 19 Solid State 0 5 Microprocessor 13 107 Other/ N/A 5 29 By Equipment Protected Line 10 72 Transformer 5 25 Generator 4 12 Shunt/Series Capacitor 2 4 Shunt/Series Reactor 0 6 Dynamic VAR system 0 0 Bus 3 8 Breaker 4 28
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 By Voltage 1% 138kV 3% 345kV 32% <100kV (BES) <100kV (non-BES) 64%
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 By Category Failure to Trip - During Fault 2%1% Failure to Trip - Other than Fault 2% 41% 1% Slow Trip - During Fault Slow trip - Other than Fault Unnecessary Trip - During Fault Unnecessary Trip - Other than Fault 53%
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 By Relay System Type 12% 18% Electromechanical 3% Solid State Microprocessor N/A 67%
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 By Equipment Protected Line Transformer 0% 18% 0% Generator Shunt Capacitor 0% Bus 4% 5% Shunt Reactor/Inductor 3% 46% Dynamic Var Systems 8% Breaker Series Reactor/Inductor Series Capacitor 16%
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 AC system By Cause 10% 12% As-left personnel error 8% Communication failures 6% DC system 8% 15% Incorrect settings Logic errors Design errors 8% Relay failures/malfunctions Unknown/unexplainable 9% 1% Other/explainable 23%
Relay Failures Resulting in a Misoperation Period: 2012-2018 Relay Failures by Scheme Step Distance DCB POR/POTT DUTT Phase Comparison Line Current Differential Differential DTT Breaker Failure Other No data # of failures resulting in a misoperation 1 5 2 2 1 1 2 2 7 2 1 1 10 1 1 3 # of failures resulting in a misoperation 3 3 2 1 8 2 3 2 2 3 9 1 1 1 2 2 4 Manufacturer ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB ABB Relay Type AR HCB-1 HU-1 IRD-9 IRP ITH KA-4 KC KD KF KLF KRP LCB-II MDAR REL-512 TD Manufacturer GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE Relay Type B30 B90 BDD CFD D60 F35 FANUC PLC G60 GCX ICW L90 SAM SBC SLY SPD11 T60 17 2 1 1 21 22 2 4 6 110 Relay Failures by Failure Mode Relay - Power Supply Failure/Malfunction Relay - AC I/O Module Failure/Malfunction Relay - Digital I/O Module Failure/Malfunction Relay - Communication Module Failure/Malfunction Relay - Self-Diagnostic Failure/Malfunction Relay - CPU Processor Failure/Malfunction Relay - Incorrect Manufacturer Programming ('Bug') Relay - Incorrect Manufacturer Design Relay - Unknown Relay - Other No data 8 19 11 5 3 24 3 1 15 54 47 # of failures resulting in a misoperation 4 15 3 3 11 3 2 1 # of failures resulting in a misoperation 1 1 1 16 4 8 Manufacturer SEL SEL SEL SEL SEL SEL SEL SEL Relay Type 311 321 351 411 421 451 487 551 Manufacturer Basler Beckwith Beckwith Electroswitch Qualitrol RFL Relay Type BE1-50BF M3425 M3430 Lockout relay SPR or Pressure Relief RFL9300 Notes: 1. 190 misoperations reported from 2012-2018 with Relay Failure/Malfunction as the cause 160 misoperation reports contained sufficient detail on manufacturer and relay type This data should not be used as an indicator of relay failure rates 2. 3.
Protection System Misoperations 2018 Q4 Summary of Human Performance Issues noted for 2018 Q4: - During commissioning and first energization of the cap banks at a wind farm, the cap banks were incorrectly grounded. This caused current flow in the main power transformer, the CT ratio on the low side had been incorrectly changed, and this resulted in the relay incorrectly picking up on differential and issuing a trip. In addition, the time delay on the breaker failure logic had not been correctly implemented. - 138kV line overtrip. Field settings did not match engineering settings. - 138kV capacitor bank trip. Auxiliary contact field wiring did not match drawing. - 138kV bus trip during a remote fault due to an incorrectly connected CT input from an autotransformer to the bus differential. - 138kV line overtrip due to incorrect jumper settings in the power line carrier. Failure to Trip/Slow Trip Misoperations in 2018 Q4: - 138kV CCVT failure disabled relay directional elements, by design, resulted in remote clearing of the fault.
ERCOT SPWG Procedure Revision 6.1.2.2 Fault Recording and Sequence of Events Recording Equipment Location Requirements (2) Facility owners shall install the fault recording and sequence of events recording equipment identified in paragraphs (1)(a) and (1)(b) above. This installation shall occur such that half of the identified facilities have the associated equipment installed by July 1, 2020, and all of the identified facilities by July 1, 2022. (3) Facility owners shall install the fault recording and sequence of events recording equipment identified in paragraph (1)(c) above by July 1, 2019.
ERCOT SPWG Procedure Revision 6.1.3.2 Location Requirements (3) Facility owners identified under paragraphs (1) or (2) above shall install dynamic disturbance recording equipment such that half of the identified facilities have the associated equipment installed by July 1, 2020, and all of the identified facilities by July 1, 2022. by July 1, 2019.
