Insights into Earth's Gravity Field
Potential field strength and direction depend on position within the field. Newton's law describes the force of attraction between objects, leading to gravitational acceleration on Earth's surface being a constant 9.83 m/s² due to its mass and radius. The farther objects are from Earth's surface, the weaker the gravitational acceleration.
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Presentation Transcript
Potential field. Strength and direction of field depend on position of observation within the field. For gravity field, lines of are directed toward the center of the earth.
Earths Gravity Field According to Newton's law: any two bodies that exist in nature between them have a force of attraction that is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. F = G m1m2/r2 F = force of attraction G = universal gravitational constant (6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 m1 m2 = mass of 2 objects r = distance between the centers of mass
Earths Gravity Field Gravitational acceleration is derived from Newton's second law of motion : F = m1a a= F/m1 F=G*m1*m2/R2 a=Gm2/R2 For the Earth, use g for gravity acceleration, M for its mass, we have:
Earths Gravity Field When we assume that the Earth is perfectly spherical (with a radius R=6371 km), the gravitational acceleration can be estimated: Note: The Earth's mass is estimated at 5.9742 x 1024 kg.
Earths Gravity Field Considering that the Earth's mass and radius are constants, the gravitational acceleration of objects at the Earth's surface is estimated at 9.83 m/s2 The gravitational acceleration (g) on the surface of the Earth is a constant amount, regardless of the mass of the object The farther an object is from the surface of the Earth, the less its gravitational acceleration (why: because of the increase in distance)
