Insurance Principles and Premium Calculations
Insurance is a crucial risk management tool that helps businesses mitigate potential losses due to various risks like fire, hail, drought, and more. This content explores the fundamental principles of insurance, terms related to insurance policies, premium calculations, and specific insurance for agriculture. Learn about how insurance transfers risk to a third party, the factors affecting insurance premiums, and unique challenges in agriculture insurance. Discover how insurance policies are structured to protect against specific risks and the role of government agencies in managing agricultural risks.
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Litter Bin Name: P Jones Tutor Group: 13D DT Class: 11B
INTRODUCTION/SCENARIO: It has been agreed by Harchester Council to invest in a new approach in ensuring that the town is kept clean. This is very important to them as they wish visitors to get a good impression. Part of the project is to replace the existing set of litter bins with a new range. The main area around the central zone will have their bins emptied quickly. It is intended to use a small fleet of dustcarts, the size of a small van, to undertake the task and shop waste will be emptied at night by the same fleet. The Council intends to pave areas within the town to help and make create people friendly zones TASK: To design and make a range of litter bins which will reflect the new and modern style of Harchester. They will be free-standing and they will have a liner which will be made of galvanized steel and which can be removed quickly. Any material can be used for the main body if you feel it is appropriate. It is advised that you look at some existing products. INITIAL SPECIFICATION 1. It must hold litter 2. It must enable people to put litter in easily 3. It must stop rubbish being blown out 4. The client is Harchester Council 5. They must make a good impression 6. It will be used in the centre of the town 7. It must be able to be emptied quickly 8. They must be a range 9. It must look new and modern 10. It will have a galvanised liner 11. The main body can be any material 12. It must be waterproof 13. It must be hard wearing 14. It must be vandal proof 15. It must be lockable CLIENT: Harchester Council
MATERIALS 1 Materials for Model MATERIALS 2 Materials for Bin Wood Casings Pine 20 x 100 20p per. 100mm 2.00p per. metre Durapol A very tough material, a very weather and vandal proof plastic which can take knocks and collisions. It is chemical resistant and can cope with a wide range of outdoor temperatures. Easily moulded through the process of rotational moulding, shapes need to be basic, but it is a cheap process, or injection moulding, which is expensive to set up, so only useful for mass production. 100% Recyclable Great Appearance, Prevents rusting and hard wearing, but very expensive and not easy to work, can cost as much as 4 times more than bins made with other materials Traditional. Heavy but hard wearing, can be brittle, but very solid and stable. Good against bad weather. Lasts up to 100yrs. Can add features to the surface, such as logos during casting Plastic 50 x 50 20p per. 100mm 75 x 75 60p per. 100mm 25 x 50 10p per. 100mm MDF 12mm 100 x 100 300 x 300 8p 72p Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE) 6mm 100x100 300x300 4p 36p Hardboard 100 x 100 2p 300 x 300 18p Dowel 6mm 4p per 100mm Stainless Steel Metal Plastic 12mm 8p per 100mm Vacuum Forming HIP 2mm Full Sheet Machine Size 1.90p 254x458 3.80 508x458 Cast Iron Acrylic/Perspex 100x100x3mm 30p 300x300x3mm 2.70
PROCESSES 2 Litter Bin Injection Moulding This is the main process used to make complex plastic items, the moulds are expensive and can be more than the machine as they have to resist the pressure of the plastic being injected into them which can be up to 50,000lbs PROCESSES 1 Model Available Equipment Range of Hand tools Electric Hand Drills and Jigsaws Pillar Drills Vacuum Former Line Heater Workshop Facilities Staff machines Band Saw Circular Saw Planner & Thicknesser Welding Equipment Processes Cutting Tenon Saw - Straight Cut Coping Saw Curved Cut Jr Hacksaw Small items Rotational Moulding Rotational moulding is a process that is ideal for the moulding of hollow products. These include tanks holding liquids, flower pots, rainwater tanks, footballs, road cones, fenders, luggage trays. Polyethylene and Polypropylene are ideal polymers for this moulding process. It is particularly suitable for the manufacture of batches from 100 to 5000 units. The mould are cheap to make as normal steel or aluminium can be used. Fixing Glue - Wood Epoxy Resin - For different materials Nails Permanent Fixing Screws - Temporary Fixing Joints Strengthening structures Casting Cast iron is a ferrous metal which has been heated until it liquefies at around 1200oC, and is then poured into a mould to solidify. It is usually made from pig iron. Shaping Files Surf Forms
Health & Safety Risk Assessment Stage Process Risk Assessment Action RISK ASSESSMENT RM1 Using Small Sharp Edged and Pointed Hand tools 1. Make base - Glue and nail base together Risk Level Medium Check using the correct tools Hammer, Nails & Glue Check if unsure RISK ASSESSMENT RM1 Using Small Sharp Edged and Pointed Hand tools 2. Decorate sides - Cut to length and glue Risk Level Medium Check using the correct tools Saw, Glue Check if unsure RISK ASSESSMENT RM2a Using a Drilling machine 3. Cut hole in top - Use hole cutter on Pillar drill Risk Level Medium Make sure machine is set up correctly Pillar Drill, Hole Cutter Check properly Clamped RISK ASSESSMENT RM1 Using Small Sharp Edged and Pointed Hand tools 4. Assembly Pieces - Glue sides and Top Risk Level Medium Check using the correct tools Glue & Tape Check if unsure RISK ASSESSMENT RM1 Using Small Sharp Edged and Pointed Hand tools 5. Paint - Paint assembled bin Risk Level Medium Check OK with paint, care with handling, especially when cleaning Check if unsure
Litter Bin Orthographic Drawing Parts List Part Size No. Sides 155x80 4 Top & Base 100x90 2 Stand 80x70 2 Strips 6x6 General
Production Plan Stage Process Extras Collect materials 4 sides, top & base, stand and fixer Collect 8 pieces 1 Glue base together 70x80 to the 100x90 on both sides Only put in 2 nails on this diagonal 2 Cut hole in top on Pillar drill Mark out centre using diagonals Get correct size hole cutter 3 Start to dress side using 6mm strips Cut strip using junior hacksaw and leave at least 5mm overhang Get 6mm strips 4 Glue strips to only 2 sides Sort out design Must leave to dry carefully 5 Cut off overhang Use Junior Hacksaw Cut overhang off carefully 6 Assembly main carcass Use base to help support Use masking tape to hold it whilst drying 7 Fix top on Glue and hold with tap Ensure top in correct position 8 Paint Clean of any glue spots Use white paint for base coat 9
Progress Diary Week Progress Issues Fixed Base together Had problem with nails as base slipped, had to use G clamp to hold it whilst nailing 1 Worked on sides Worked on design whilst fixing 6mm strips. Pleased with final design, used simple pattern made up of lines 2 Worked on sides Completed, but took much longer than expected, but please with result. Had to be careful when leaving it to dry 3 Cut hole in top Took much longer than expected as it was difficult to set up and ensuring work was clamp correctly 4 Assembled main carcass Use masking tape to hold it. Had to leave it somewhere safe and checked it before leaving lesson 5 Fixed lid on Used tape to hold it. Left it in safe place till next lesson to avoid it being knocked 6 Filled gaps Used filler to fill gapes. Difficult getting it in small areas Left it to dry in safe place 7 Cleaned down Filler Gave bin first coat Primed bin with white paint, had to be careful to avoid running marks on sides which would cover detail 8 Rubbed down first coat with fine glass paper 250 grade. Gave second coat Noticed the using fine glass paper gave to bin a really good finish, need to remember this for next time 9 Rubbed down again and gave final grey coat spreading the paint thinly Final coat on top of base coats gives a really nice finish. Pleased with the end result 10
I cut circle out of 6mm MDF using the hole cutter and then stuck them on before painting Alterations These were the designs I used on my boxes, which a designed during construction Although these are not really alterations these were the changes I made when constructing the bin
REFLECTION Evaluation Final Model 1. Does it Answer the Brief? Yes, it is a successful litter bin, I think it looks good and would blend into the town well. It gives the image of a modern and forward looking town 2. Does it answer the specification points? Yes, I have checked it against each point as well as the sizes which was easy as the model was to scale. Some points would be answered when it goes into production. 3. What does the client think? I showed the design to the client , Harchester Council and they were pleased. Discussion followed with regards to colour and this will need to be agreed at a later date 4. How could it be tested? An initial survey would take place to see what people would think as well as tests on the materials to ensure they where suitable and meet the requirements of the specification 5. How could it be developed? It could be developed into smaller units, which keep the same style and shape and these could be fitted to lamp posts or walls around town.
