Intelligent Edge of Things: AI and Machine Learning in Three-Tier Edge IoT Architecture

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This proposal explores the use of AI and machine learning in optimizing resource utilization and management within a three-tier Edge IoT architecture. The focus is on achieving improved cost and resource efficiency, higher quality of experience, and enhanced security and privacy. The University of Oulu, through Erkki Harjula, delves into cutting-edge technology trends such as AI, ML, virtualization, and edge computing to pave the way for a smarter and more efficient IoT ecosystem.

  • Intelligent Edge
  • AI
  • Machine Learning
  • IoT Architecture
  • University of Oulu

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  1. The 35 International Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering SEKE SEKE 2023 2023 A Model-Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Carlos Eduardo Pantoja1,2 Tielle da Silva Alexandre1,2 Jos Viterbo2 Jo o Victor Guinelli2 1. Centro Federal de Educa o Tecnol gica (CEFET/RJ) - 2. Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Brasil A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 1 1 July 2, San Francisco, USA

  2. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 2 2

  3. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. Requirement Engineering R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 3 3

  4. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. Requirement Engineering Conceptual Modeling R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 4 4

  5. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. Requirement Engineering Transformation Conceptual Modeling Logical Modeling R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 5 5

  6. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. Requirement Engineering Transformation Transformation Conceptual Modeling Logical Modeling Physical Modeling R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 6 6

  7. Introduction Introduction The database project consists of different abstraction levels that converge to the database implementation using a Database Management System (DBSM) and a structured language. Requirement Engineering Transformation Transformation BD Conceptual Modeling Logical Modeling Physical Modeling R. ELMASRI and S. NAVATHE, Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2015. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 7 7

  8. Introduction Introduction The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) provides a software development process based on model transformations that separate the business modeling from specific technologies until effective software implementation. OMG, Meta object facility (MOF) Query/View/Transfomation specification, 2011. OMG, MOF model to text transformation language, v 1.0, 2008. S. J. MELLOR, K. SCOTT, A. UHL, and D. WEISE, MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison Wesley, 2005. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 8 8

  9. Introduction Introduction The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) provides a software development process based on model transformations that separate the business modeling from specific technologies until effective software implementation. CIM OMG, Meta object facility (MOF) Query/View/Transfomation specification, 2011. OMG, MOF model to text transformation language, v 1.0, 2008. S. J. MELLOR, K. SCOTT, A. UHL, and D. WEISE, MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison Wesley, 2005. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 9 9

  10. Introduction Introduction The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) provides a software development process based on model transformations that separate the business modeling from specific technologies until effective software implementation. CIM PIM OMG, Meta object facility (MOF) Query/View/Transfomation specification, 2011. OMG, MOF model to text transformation language, v 1.0, 2008. S. J. MELLOR, K. SCOTT, A. UHL, and D. WEISE, MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison Wesley, 2005. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 10 10

  11. Introduction Introduction The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) provides a software development process based on model transformations that separate the business modeling from specific technologies until effective software implementation. CIM PIM PSM OMG, Meta object facility (MOF) Query/View/Transfomation specification, 2011. OMG, MOF model to text transformation language, v 1.0, 2008. S. J. MELLOR, K. SCOTT, A. UHL, and D. WEISE, MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison Wesley, 2005. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 11 11

  12. Introduction Introduction The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) provides a software development process based on model transformations that separate the business modeling from specific technologies until effective software implementation. CIM PIM PSM Used Language Used Language Target Language Source Language Platform Independent Metamodel Platform- Specific Metamodel Transformation Specification OMG, Meta object facility (MOF) Query/View/Transfomation specification, 2011. OMG, MOF model to text transformation language, v 1.0, 2008. S. J. MELLOR, K. SCOTT, A. UHL, and D. WEISE, MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison Wesley, 2005. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 12 12

  13. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 13 13

  14. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: ER Crow s Foot IDE1FX P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 14 14

  15. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: ER Crow s Foot IDE1FX Several modeling options exist for a geographical database system: P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 15 15

  16. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: ER Crow s Foot IDE1FX Several modeling options exist for a geographical database system: UML-GeoFrame OMT-G P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 16 16

  17. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: ER Crow s Foot IDE1FX Several modeling options exist for a geographical database system: UML-GeoFrame OMT-G However, these languages do not offer a solution integrating different models and approaches. P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 17 17

  18. Problem Problem There are several modeling languages and notations for modeling a relational database: ER Crow s Foot IDE1FX Several modeling options exist for a geographical database system: UML-GeoFrame OMT-G However, these languages do not offer a solution integrating different models and approaches. A geographical database system cannot be projected using a relational notation. P.S. CHEN, The entity-relationship model toward a unified view of data, ACM transactions on database systems (TODS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9 36, 1976. T. HALPIN, Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison, Journal of Database Management, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 20 30, 2002. T. A. BRUCE, Designing quality databases with IDEF1X information models. Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., 1992. F. LISBOA and C. IOCHPE, Specifying analysis patterns for geographic databases on the basis of a conceptual framework, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM GIS, 1999. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 18 18

  19. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 19 19

  20. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: 1. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 20 20

  21. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: 1. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) 2. the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 21 21

  22. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: 1. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) 2. the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) 3. Generic Database Modeling Metamodel (GEDBM) J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 22 22

  23. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: 1. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) 2. the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) 3. Generic Database Modeling Metamodel (GEDBM) 1 and 3 do not include any geographical concept. J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 23 23

  24. Problem Problem When using metamodels and MDA: 1. Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) 2. the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) 3. Generic Database Modeling Metamodel (GEDBM) 2 does not provide constructions for other modeling languages, such as Crow s Foot. 1 and 3 do not include any geographical concept. J. POOLE, D. CHANG, D. TOLBERT, and D. MELLOR, Common warehouse metamodel. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. R. N. FIDALGO, E. ALVES, S. ESPA A, J. CASTRO, and O. PASTOR, Metamodeling the enhanced entity-relationship model, Journal of Information and Data Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 406 406, 2013. A. ROSA, I. GON ALVES, and C. E. PANTOJA, A mda approach for database modeling, Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26 30, 2013. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 24 24

  25. Objective Objective A Framework for designing database systems, which uses a metamodel for relational and geographical database system projects that gathers the concepts of several modeling languages and notations. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 25 25

  26. Objective Objective A Framework for designing database systems, which uses a metamodel for relational and geographical database system projects that gathers the concepts of several modeling languages and notations. The relational part observs the extant modeling languages and notations used in the database development process. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 26 26

  27. Objective Objective A Framework for designing database systems, which uses a metamodel for relational and geographical database system projects that gathers the concepts of several modeling languages and notations. The relational part observs the extant modeling languages and notations used in the database development process. The geographical part observs the concepts of the OMT-G model. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 27 27

  28. Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 28 28

  29. Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Existing tools and metamodels (geographic concepts) A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 29 29

  30. Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Existing tools and metamodels (relational concepts) A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 30 30

  31. Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach A new integrated metamodel for both relational and geographic databases. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 31 31

  32. Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach Methodology: The Proposed MDA Approach code generation A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 32 32

  33. The Generic Database Metamodel The Generic Database Metamodel A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 33 33

  34. The Generic Database Metamodel The Generic Database Metamodel Some geographic concepts added A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 34 34

  35. The Generic Database Metamodel The Generic Database Metamodel Some geographic concepts added A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 35 35

  36. The Generic Database Metamodel The Generic Database Metamodel To comply with specialization and other relationship types A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 36 36

  37. The Plugin for Eclipse Framework The Plugin for Eclipse Framework A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 37 37

  38. The Instantied Metamodel The Instantied Metamodel A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 38 38

  39. The Instantied Metamodel The Instantied Metamodel A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 39 39

  40. Mapping Example 1 Mapping Example 1 A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 40 40

  41. Mapping Example 2 Mapping Example 2 A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 41 41

  42. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 42 42

  43. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: a revised metamodel for relational and geographical database projects, supported by an automatic code generator for ANSI/SQL and SFS/SQL A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 43 43

  44. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: a revised metamodel for relational and geographical database projects, supported by an automatic code generator for ANSI/SQL and SFS/SQL an MDA methodology to assist the database project that allows the integration of tools since the metamodel is generic for extant modeling languages A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 44 44

  45. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: a revised metamodel for relational and geographical database projects, supported by an automatic code generator for ANSI/SQL and SFS/SQL an MDA methodology to assist the database project that allows the integration of tools since the metamodel is generic for extant modeling languages For future work: A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 45 45

  46. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: a revised metamodel for relational and geographical database projects, supported by an automatic code generator for ANSI/SQL and SFS/SQL an MDA methodology to assist the database project that allows the integration of tools since the metamodel is generic for extant modeling languages For future work: apply OCL rules to guarantee the database normalization process and avoid inconsistent models. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 46 46

  47. Conclusion Conclusion This paper presented: a revised metamodel for relational and geographical database projects, supported by an automatic code generator for ANSI/SQL and SFS/SQL an MDA methodology to assist the database project that allows the integration of tools since the metamodel is generic for extant modeling languages For future work: apply OCL rules to guarantee the database normalization process and avoid inconsistent models. An on-line tool for modeling databases. A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 47 47

  48. Acknowledgments Acknowledgments THANK YOU ALL! THANK YOU ALL! pantoja@cefet-rj.br A Model A Model- -Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Driven Development Framework for Geographical and Relational Databases Databases 48 48

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