Intelligent Systems and Robotics: Advanced Information Sciences and Technologies

"Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISR) delve into cutting-edge information sciences and technologies, such as intelligent systems, ambient intelligence, business intelligence, evolutionary computation, and cognitive sciences, that drive knowledge-based societies. Key areas include evolutionary algorithms, humanoid robotics, intelligent robot control, and more."

• Intelligence
• Robotics
• Technology
• Cognitive Sciences

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1. INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND AGENTS + INTELLIGENCE + INFORMATION SOCIETY + BUSINESS, COGNITIVE SCIENCES Prof. dr. Matja Gams MP MPS, 21.11.2019 1

2. INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND ROBOTICS INTELIGENTNI SISTEMI IN ROBOTIKA Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISR) are dealing with advanced information sciences and technologies including intelligent systems, ambient intelligence, business intelligence, evolutionary computation, cognitive sciences, humanoid robotics, computer vision, controlling robots and systems. These are key information society technologies enabling knowledge-based society. Evolutionary algorithms Humanoid and service robotics Intelligent systems and agents Intelligent robot control Cognitive sciences Business intelligence Ambient intelligence Robot vision basic book: AI A modern approach Modern control systems MPS, 21.11.2019 seminar work + oral exam 2

3. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Russell and Norvig ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A Modern Approach MPS, 21.11.2019 3

4. SOCIETIES ACM Slovenia, SLAIS, DKZ, IAS, Informatika Dictionary: Wikipedia style enter new terms http://dis-slovarcek.ijs.si/ (ra unalni ki slovar ek) 12.000 gesel Informatica PhD reports 2 pages Among best quoted Slovenian journals in Google, Scopus etc. JSI department growth E9, E8, E3 Our now 35 members Co-founder of ACM Slo, SLAIS, DKZ, IAS European and world level (2 competitions, 700+, 2 1st, 1 2nd MPS, 21.11.2019 4

5. Competitions: EvAAL-AR 2013, first 10 in Tricorder Victory at the annual competition in activity recognition EvAAL-AR 2013 (Evaluating AAL Systems through Competitive Benchmarking) Three layer Activity Recognition Activity Data Bluetooth preprocessing Fall Fall Detection 10 2012 2013 8 Score (0 - 10) 6 4 2 0 MPS, 21.11.2019 5

6. SUPERINTELLIGENCE Bostrom, N. 2014. Superintelligence Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. (100 Global Thinkers) Future of Life Institute: Because of the great potential of AI, it is important to research how to reap its benefits while avoiding potential pitfalls Relations when computers surpass humans 3 forms of superintelligence: speed, collective, quality Intelligence can not be controlled Depending on the form, AI will be more or less dangerous Most dangerous: 1 global, conflict with humans MPS, 21.11.2019 6

7. AI PROGRESS Examples of AI progress Self-driving cars: Google car: over 1 million miles without accident fault, several cars with lane assist Computers surpass humans in symbolic tasks like chess, Jeopardy, IQ tests, verbal IQ tests (Microsoft Beijing, 2015; an average person) Autonomous robots (walking, flying) MPS, 21.11.2019 7

8. DEFINITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence has been defined in different ways, including the abilities for abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, planning, emotional intelligence and problem solving. Intelligence is most widely studied in humans, but has also been observed in animals and plants. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines or the simulation of intelligence in machines. Numerous definitions of and hypotheses about intelligence have been proposed since before the twentieth century, with no consensus reached by scholars. MPS, 21.11.2019 8

9. DEFINITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Wikipedia: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[2] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. [3] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,[4] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[5] Types: Natural intelligence (humans, animals, plants), Artificial intelligence, Engineering intelligence. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of breathtaking optimism, has suffered stunning setbacks and is today an essential part of the technology industry, computer science and IS. MPS, 21.11.2019 9

10. DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS Intelligent system is a system that learns during its existence. AI systems are intelligent systems. It senses its environment and learns, for each situation, which action permits it to reach its objectives. It continually acts, mentally and externally, and by acting reaches its objectives. To reach its objective it has to select its response. A simple way to select a response is to select one that was favorable in a similar previous situation. MPS, 21.11.2019 10

11. PROPERTIES OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS Learning Flexibility Adaptation Explanation Discovery MPS, 21.11.2019 11

12. DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE Definition: An intelligent entity is capable of learning. What learns is intelligent. An intelligent entity is an intelligent system. Engineering definition: More advanced than current classical solutions (may not learn). According to Wikipedia: A thermostat is an intelligent agent. Our definition: an intelligent agent learns. An intelligent agent without learning is just an agent. MPS, 21.11.2019 12

13. NATURAL INTELLIGENCE Humans, animals, plants? Are viruses intelligent? All beings are! Different levels of intelligence. Sort dogs by intelligence. Do animals really think? - Tools (birds, apes) - Joy, empathy, greed (apes, orkas, elephants, pigs) Are animals getting smarter? (humans + aliens?) (interactions with humans, wash food, crash walnuts) MPS, 21.11.2019 13

14. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE Intelligence = better predictions, better reaction. More energy consumption 25%. Sexual attraction? Anthropological principle. Tool evolution? 14 MPS, 21.11.2019

15. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/09/150909_SCI_Hominid_map.jpg 15 MPS, 21.11.2019

16. HUMAN SPECIES European Neanderthals Very similar to us, big brained Europe 230.000-25.000 years Reason: climate, our species Genetic cross-breading with Europeans-us Homo Floresiensis Indonesian island 95,000 17,000 / 10.000 / 5.000 (folk saying) 1m, brain size of an orange Folk saying: we burned them out Sounds similar to animal extinctions? MPS, 21.11.2019 16

17. Dwarf humans Scientists have discovered a tiny species of ancient human that lived 18,000 years ago on an isolated island east of the Java Sea - - a prehistoric hunter in a "lost world" of giant lizards and miniature elephants. These "little people" stood about three feet tall (1 m) and had heads the size of grapefruit. They coexisted with modern humans for thousands of years yet appear to be more closely akin to a long-extinct human ancestor. Prebivalci okoli kih vasi pripovedujejo zgodbe o teh malih ljudeh , ki so iveli v pe inah. enske so metale prsi ez rame. Ker so jim kradli otroke, so se njihovi predniki enkrat razjezili in jih po gali. MPS, 21.11.2019 17

18. DEMOGRAPHY MPS, 21.11.2019 18

19. COMPUTERS Chess, JEOPARDY MPS, 21.11.2019 19

20. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE VS. COMPUTERS MPS, 21.11.2019 20

21. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE VS. COMPUTERS Predictions failed MPS, 21.11.2019 21

22. HUMAN/COMPUTER INTELLIGENCE Kurtzweil Kurtzweil People Computers Information society Flynn +30 + = Processing power Drake s equation Computers Human Time All doomsday talks failed to this day Computers are tools for enhancing our mental capabilities Computers and robots are far less dangerous than real life MPS, 21.11.2019 22

23. Human-level intelligence AI 103 Intelligence, consciousness Human-level intelligence Unknown barrier 106 109 Principle of multiple knowledge 1012 10 1015 Computer intelligence 1018 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 MPS, 21.11.2019 23

24. NEURON Connected to 10.000 each, a switch? Stanford 2010: the brain s overall complexity is almost beyond belief, said Smith. One synapse, by itself, is more like a microprocessor with both memory-storage and information-processing elements than a mere on/off switch. In fact, one synapse may contain on the order of 1,000 molecular-scale switches. A single human brain has more switches than all the computers and routers and Internet connections on Earth, he said. neuroscientists uncovered strong evidence that neurons also communicate with each other through weak electric fields. The study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, by Dr Costas Anastassiou (Caltech), explains how every time an electrical impulse races down the branch of a neuron, a tiny electric field surrounds that cell .. MPS, 21.11.2019 24

25. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE 10-30 types of intelligence: general, symbolic, emotional, abstract, motion, visual, speech, read-write, music Emotional intelligence (EI) is a skill or ability in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. Various models and definitions have been proposed of which the ability and trait EI models are the most widely accepted in the scientific literature. Criticisms have centered on whether the construct is a real intelligence and whether it has incremental validity over IQ and the Big Five personality dimensions. Flynnov effect / smarter people have less children IQ tests of different kinds: specific, integral Advanced MPS, 21.11.2019 25

26. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IQ is the best single predictor of success at job. People with higher IQ have higher title, status, income, live longer and healthier. And vice versa. (W: individuals with low IQs are more likely to be divorced, have a child out of marriage, be incarcerated, and need long-term welfare support). What is this a political lecture?? This is too sensible? The world is not as it seems! (commercial, political, popular, semi-popular, scientific) Science, facts, empirical verification, platonism Engineers: Science should deal with relevant issues. What is your opinion? MPS, 21.11.2019 26

27. SCIENCE, FACT IDEOLOGY, POLITICS 27 MPS, 21.11.2019

28. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE DISTRIBUTIONS: big/small, M/W, religious, use of browser no major difference! 28 MPS, 21.11.2019

29. SLOVENSKO BLAGOSTANJE - THE LEGATUM PROSPERITY INDEX 2018 2017 rating 2018 rating Country Details 1 1 Norway 7 11 3 9 3 1 4 8 8 2 2 New Zealand 14 2 2 2 1 24 18 17 4 3 3 Finland 12 6 1 11 14 11 1 25 3 4 4 Switzerland 4 10 4 21 13 13 2 4 10 7 5 Denmark 8 8 9 16 5 9 10 18 11 5 6 Sweden 5 13 6 10 22 12 16 7 12 10 7 United Kingdom 16 4 11 18 8 14 12 26 2 8 8 Canada 21 3 8 1 11 17 15 21 19 6 9 Netherlands 6 14 5 7 9 7 5 11 49 12 10 Ireland 10 16 14 5 7 5 6 27 14 13 11 Iceland 1 15 13 3 4 10 31 14 27 14 12 Luxembourg 3 37 7 4 18 15 37 2 5 9 13 Australia 28 9 12 14 2 22 8 12 17 11 14 Germany 11 12 10 19 16 16 20 24 13 15 15 Austria 17 21 15 25 17 8 19 6 9 16 16 Belgium 24 18 16 12 24 30 13 13 22 18 17 United States 13 1 19 23 6 43 9 35 23 21 18 Slovenia 31 41 32 20 20 18 7 34 1 35 32 Slovakia 37 62 45 41 59 26 26 36 34 32 33 Poland 38 47 38 54 76 23 24 41 47 30 34 Italy 48 68 44 32 41 27 35 39 64 36 35 South Korea 29 32 39 75 78 32 17 19 73 Economy Business Govern. Freedom SocialCap. Safety Education Health Nature 21 18 Slovenia 31 41(+15) 32 20 20 18 7 34(-5) 1 22 19 Malta 15 54 24 13 10 6 40 20 42 19 20 France 30 17 21 28 34 31 29 15 7 17 21 Singapore 2 5 18 98 15 3 3 1 90 24 22 Hong Kong 20 7 30 31 51 4 23 9 86 23 23 Japan 19 19 17 46 99 2 21 3 39 25 24 Portugal 35 34 25 6 39 20 42 37 35 20 25 Spain 49 31 31 17 26 19 36 22 20 27 26 Estonia 33 25 20 34 69 38 11 44 6 26 27 Czech Republic 25 26 33 30 71 21 14 28 24 31 28 Cyprus 26 33 34 24 28 25 46 30 60 34 29 Mauritius 36 28 26 26 21 46 67 45 46 28 30 Uruguay 52 42 23 8 47 52 63 42 58 29 31 Costa Rica 53 40 27 15 46 72 47 29 32 AIG, 9.4.2019 29

30. DISCUSSION What is intelligence? What is science/ scientific and what not? A superior level of understanding and predictions Knowledge and intelligence enable better predictions and performance MPS, 21.11.2019 30

31. The Intelligent Future is Near Matja Gams Institut Jo ef Stefan 31 MPS, 21.11.2019