International Statistics: Beyond the Simple Collation of National Official Statistics
This content highlights the role of International Statistical Systems (ISSAs) mandated by governing bodies. It discusses their alignment with National Statistical Offices (NSOs) regarding ethical guidelines, quality assurance frameworks, and the provision of comparable statistics for international policy-making. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of measuring global phenomena that require transnational insights, such as trade and migration, and the value of technical assistance in achieving statistical comparability.
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Presentation Transcript
International statistics: beyond the simple collation of national official statistics Martine Durand and Angela Me Chairs CCSA
The statistical role of ISSA Mandated by ISSA governing bodies (national authorities, some of them do not include representatives from NSSs) Define what and how Define the allocation of resources ISSA respond to their national authorities users who require Comparability Quality Coverage Relevance
ISSAs follow the same criteria as NSOs Strong ethical guidelines (Fundamental Principles of Official statistics; Principles for International Statistics; Codes of Practice) Quality assurance frameworks (comparability, timeliness, relevance, transparency, accuracy, ..) Management of non-response and imputation when feasible and needed Use non-official sources when official sources do not exist Use cost-effective methods and methods that fit the purpose
Main value-added of ISSAs Measuring transnational and global phenomena that no single country alone can describe Trade Environment Migration Transnational organized crime Provide comparable statistics for regional and international policy making and for national stakeholders (government, private sector, civil society) to benchmark national performance Technical Assistance
EXAMPLES OF VALUE ADDED IN MEASURING TRANSNATIONAL AND GLOBAL PHENOMENA
Decoding global value chains What do US bilateral trade deficits look like in value What do US bilateral trade deficits look like in value added terms? added terms? Trade balance, 2014 USD billions Trade balance, 2014 USD billions What is the US content of manufacturing What is the US content of manufacturing imports from imports from NAFTA? NAFTA? 300 35% 30% As % of gross imports 25% 250 20% Gross Value added 15% 200 10% US VA in imports from Canada US VA in imports from Mexico 5% 150 0% 40,000 100 35,000 30,000 50 25,000 20,000 USD millions 15,000 0 10,000 In million USD US VA in imports from Canada US VA in imports from Mexico India Canada Norway Iceland Israel Italy Korea Ireland Germany Japan Colombia Sweden Chile Mexico Saudi Arabia UK China Viet Nam Netherlands Finland Denmark Chinese Taipei Australia Malaysia Brazil Russia 5,000 - 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 -50 Source OECD Source OECD- -WTO WTO TiVA TiVA
Measuring environmental footprints Source OECD inter Source OECD inter- -country input country input- -output database output database
How many Romanian trafficking in persons victims were detected 2010-2014? Romanian victims of trafficking in persons detected in and outside Romania, 2010-2014 3500 3000 2500 2021 2000 1555 1500 745 712 799 1000 1154 1048 1041 500 896 757 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Victims detected in Romania Victims detected outside Romania Source: UNODC GLOTIP 2014 & 2016
EXAMPLES OF VALUE ADDED IN PROVIDING INTERNATIONALLY COMPARABLE DATA
Where have income inequalities increased most over the past 30 years? Change in Gini coefficient Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Most international statistics are in line with national statistics but sometimes national statistics are not in line with international standards so ISSAs need to adjust national statistics for the purpose of international comparison
Example of adjustment: Example of adjustment: Application of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) approved by the UN Statistical Commission and UN Commission on Crime and Criminal Justice Homicide Counts in the USA Homicide Counts in the USA 1990 to 2016 1990 to 2016 Homicide Counts in India Homicide Counts in India 1990 to 2016 2016 1990 to 60,000 26,000 24,000 50,000 22,000 40,000 Homicides Homicides 20,000 30,000 18,000 16,000 20,000 14,000 10,000 12,000 0 10,000 Year Year Original Value ICCS Compliant Original Value ICCS Compliant
Example of adjustment: Example of adjustment: To provide a more coherent view of bilateral trade Reducing bilateral trade asymmetries: Machines for the reception, conversion & transmission/regeneration of voice, images and other data, 2011 5 4 3 Raw national data 2 Adjusted for China's exports through Hong Kong 1 0 China-US asymmetry (abs) Hong Kong-US asymmetry (abs)
International statistics: a partnership with an accountability framework NSOs Fundamental Fundamental Principles of Principles of Official Official Statistics Statistics Other national authorities International organizations Regional organizations
NSS: ensure quality of national data ISSAs: support NSS National statistics NSS: to provide quality data ISSAs: to ensure quality of global data Global/Regional statistics Principles for International Statistics as Principles for International Statistics as accountability framework for ISSAs accountability framework for ISSAs
Thank you for your attention
How many Romanian trafficking in persons victims were detected 2010-2014? Victims of trafficking in persons detected in Romania, 2010-2014 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1154 1048 1041 896 1000 757 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: UNODC GLOTIP 2014 & 2016
National statistics can be improved with data from other countries and can help national authorities to address the problem Wildlife seizures Source: UNODC WISE 16000 13947 14000 12000 10000 Number of seizures 8000 6000 4000 2000 1059 690 334 46 15 0 Russian Federation (2004-2015) Brazil (2005-2014) Mexico (2004-2014) Seizures reported where provenance was known Seizures where named as provenance
Job creation rate, top sectors Share of employment created by the births of employer enterprises, 2015 Average job creation rate in business economy Sector with the highest job creation rate by enterprise birth Administrative and support service activities TUR 34.6 HUN What can my country learn from others in order to boost business dynamism and employment growth? GRC Other service activities POL Arts, entertainment and recreation Professional, scientific and technical activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Professional, scientific and technical activities Other service activities Real estate Other service activities BRA GBR ESP NZL LVA EST Arts, entertainment and recreation PRT Real estate Arts, entertainment and recreation Accommodation and food Other service activities Real estate Real estate Arts, entertainment and recreation Other service activities Accommodation and food Accommodation and food ROU FRA SVK ITA ISL LTU SVN NLD AUT NOR Real estate SWE Accommodation and food Real estate CZE LUX Real estate DNK Accommodation and food Real estate Accommodation and food Accommodation and food Real estate DEU IRL BEL CHE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Source: OECD Entrepreneurship indicators Share of jobs created by employer enterprise births in total employment of the sector, %
Can my country boost productivity? Where is the frontier? Labour productivity by enterprise size, business economy Value added per person employed, thousands of USD, current PPPs, 2015 1-9 persons 10-19 persons 20-49 persons 50-249 persons 250 persons or more 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Source: OECD Structural Business Statistics
