Introduction to Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale, leading to new properties in nanomaterials that are beneficial for various applications. Discover the principles, distinction in materials, properties, and applications of nanotechnology through historical examples and modern advancements.
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Presentation Transcript
Nanotechnology Dr. Wesam J. Aziz
Contents : Introduction Introduction Definition Definition Principles distinction the nanotechnology materials Principles distinction the nanotechnology materials Properties of nanotechnology materials Properties of nanotechnology materials The reason of The reason of nanomaterials nanomaterials properties change Applications of nanotechnology Applications of nanotechnology properties change
Introduction Usage of nanotechnology is very ancient in Greek and Chinese civilzation . one of oldest famous app. Is the Greek cup Lycurgus which change the color according to angle of falling light [was used in the manufacture of nano-particles of gold mixed with glass ]. also Damascene swords they used wootz steel made in India [ this sword known with his hardness and flexibility ]. The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by famous professor of physics Dr. Richard P.Feynman. the term Nano technology had been coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974 . Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and
definition : What is technology ? Is the branch of knowledge that s deal with creation in the fields of engineering, Industerial arts and applied science, in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function . What is Nanotechnology ? Is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale . Also Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of functional systems at atomic level .
Principles distinction the nanotechnology materials principle Property (benefit) Ability to control movement of single atoms and rearrange them. Ability to construst any material . Physical and chemical properties in nanomaterials was difference from same material in normal volume . discover a new properties in nanomaterials mainly be useful in devices and electronics field . Ability to remove impurities and rid of defects Better Materials strong, lightest, smaller,cheaper and less enegy .
Properties of nanotechnology materials Nano materials that has a range of dimension( 1-100nm )that difference in size leads to change in properties : 1. Mechanical : increase in hardness for metallic materials and it s resistant stress , for exp. if we minimize ceramic particle it will be more strength , this character doesn t existed in normal ceramic . 2. Melting point : the melting point effect by minimize the dimension,melting point of gold is 1064 if minimize the diameters of gold particles the melting point will be 500 .
3. Magnetic : magnetism strength depends on dimension measurement of the granules material that the magnets made of .minimize nanoparticles and increase surface area (increase in atoms at surface ) leads to increase in magnetism strength and intensity . 4. Electrical : Smallest size of granules nanomaterials has positive impact on Electrical property, increase in conductivity used in tiny sensors and electric chips .
5. Chemical :if the nanoparticles are homogeneous and same size , their intraction increases .
The reason why properties change in nanoparticles ? 1. Particles size:the property of color and conductivity doesn t change with size, until we minimize to nano scale . Like silicon in ordinary size it s dark matter, while in size ( 1 nm ) radiate with Blue color . And in ( 3 nm) radiates Red color , gold granules to 20 nm change it s color to transparent atom . Figure beside , Gold nanoparticles 10-20 nm
2. Particles shape : property of nanoparticales depends on the shape that if spherical , tubular ,hexagonal or others shapes. 3. Particles composition : what kind of atoms or molecular that the nanomaterial composed of and its number . 4. Distribution : atoms in particle has a regular or irregular form , and stable or unstable . For exp. Silicon particles distribute in regular form in solution (radiate )After many days the solution is not fully radiated. 5. Quantum confinement : that means electrons movement at least in one of three dimensions .
Nanotechnology in Electronics Electrodes made of nanowires enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays. Nanoelectronics refer to transistor devices that are so small, the transistors can made of nanowires. Allowing more transistors in the in one single chip circuit . Allows a higher electron mobility. Higher dielectric constant(faster frequency).
Nanotechnology in computers Transistor in computer replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotube. Computer processors are more powerful High speed and high capaity memory.
Nanotechnology in fabrics Increaed elasticity and strength ,and bacterial resistance. Nanofabrics gives ordinary materials advantageous properties such as Super hydrophobicity ( extreme water resistance ). Using nano composites added in manufactured material .
Nanotechnology in medicine Provide new options for drug delivery nanosized carrier Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in body. To detect and control disease at new level. In surgries .
Nanotechnology energy Creating devices smaller than 100 nm ,gives us new ways to capture , store up and transfer energy. Increased efficiency of lighting and heating . Increased electrical storage capacity . A decrease in the amount of pollution .
Over view The main foucs of this project be to understand nanotechnology including various nano devices , the concept of nanotechnology depends on taking at atomic and molecular scales , manipulated it and moved to new place and combine with another material atoms in order we get a new crystal structure called a nanomaterial dimension with a special properties , high quality .
In Future Future of nanotechnology no one knows for sure . History shows that science and technology impact society . But there is no way to predict what new scietific discoveries are next how technology will be uesd . thank you
