Investigating Effects of Massularia acuminata Root Extract on Liver and Kidney Functions in Rats
This study explores the impact of administering aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on liver and kidney function parameters, as well as enzyme activities in male rats. The research aims to evaluate the safety and potential benefits of this natural treatment option for sexual inadequacy in males.
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3rdInternational Conference and Exhibition on Traditional & Alternative Medicine August 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK In Association with Presented By Name: AWOTUNDE OLUWASEGUN SAMSON Country: NIGERIA/ UGANDA
Assessment of the liver, kidney function parameters and enzyme activities in male wister rats administered with Aqueous Extract of Massularia acuminataroot
Introduction The incidence of sexual inadequacy in human males, has led to the development of a number of treatment options. This has necessitated the need for more pharmacological research on safer,cheaper natural treatment options.
Among the plants which have been reported to be used for the management of MSD in some parts of Africa is Massularia acuminata root.
Massularia acuminata (pako ijebu)belongs to the family Rubiceae. it is a small tropical plant growing up to 5m high and is distributed from Sierria Leone through Nigeria to Zaire, Plate 1: Massularia acuminata root From our previous study it was established that the aqueous extract of the root posses androgenic potential in male Wister rats.
Objective of the study This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effect of the administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on liver function parameters, kidney function parameters and some selected enzyme activities in male rats, with a view to evaluating and validating its safety.
Materials The sample of the plant was obtained from herb sellers at Ijebu-ode, Ogun state, Nigeria. It was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria where a voucher specimen (FHI107644) was deposited. Albino rats were obtained from animal holding unit of University of Ilorin.
Assay kits The assay kits for gamma- glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, were products of human Gessellscchaft fiir Biochemica und Diagnostica mbh Max-planck-Ring21-D65205 Wiesbaden-Germany. Other reagents All other reagents used were of analytical grade and were prepared in all glass distilled water.
Methods This study consist of three investigations: A. Preliminary chemical screening. B. Enzyme activities studies. C. Liver Function studies. D. Kidney Function studies.
Preliminary chemicalscreening Qualitative and Quantitative analysis The methods described by Sofowora (1993), Edeoga et al (2005), Van-Burden and Robinson( 1981), Obadoni and Ochuko( 2001), and (El-Olemy et al ., 1994) were used
Enzyme activities Alkaline phosphatase was determined by Optimized standard method according to the recommendations of the German Clinical Chemistry Association was used. Acid phosphatase activity was determined by the method of Hillman Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase was determined by Kinetic colorimetric method
FUNCTION STUDIES The methods used for the determination include; Tietz (1995), Doumas et al.,(1971) Veniamin and Vakirtzi (1970) and Blass et al., (1979)
Animal grouping and extract administration male rats were randomly grouped into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 15 animals each. Rats in groups B, C and D were administered orally with the plant extract once daily at 24hr interval at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight respectively for 21 days.
Statistical analysis Results were expressed as the mean of five replicates SDexcept for the phytochemical analysis Means were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and values of P< 0.05 were considered statistically significant (Mahajan, 1997).
Table 1: Phytochemical constituent of Massularia acuminata root Phytochemicals % Concentration 0.036 0.001 Alkaloids Steroids Anthraquinone Cardenolides Dienolides Saponins Phenolics Flavonoids Cardiac glycosides Tannins Triterpenes Not detected 0.031 0.001 Not detected Not detected 0.207 0.02 1.09 0.05 0.038 0.002 Not detected 0.720 0.04 Not detected n = 3 SD
Enzyme Activity 140 Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight f d 120 e Enzyme activity (U/I) 100 b b b b d c 80 60 a a a 40 20 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 4: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum alklaine phosphatase activity
120 e Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 100 80 Enzyme activity (U/I) d 60 b b b c b 40 a a a a a 20 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 8: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminataroot on male rat serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity
Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 20 c c c b 18 b d d d d 16 a a a 14 Enzyme activity (U/I) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 10: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum acid phosphatase activity
Liver Function Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 40 b b b b a a a 35 a a a a Serum albumin concnetration (mmol/L) a 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 11: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum albumin concentration
Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 45 d d d d 40 b c c b b 35 a a Enzyme activity (U/I) a 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Massularia acuminata root Fig 12: Effect of administration of on male rat serum globulin concentration
Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 0.8 b b 0.7 b b b b Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L) 0.6 c 0.5 a a 0.4 a a a 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 13: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum total bilirubin concentration
Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 0.8 b b b 0.7 c 0.6 Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L) a a 0.5 a a a a a a 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 14: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum conjugated bilirubin concentration
Kidney function Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 160 a a Serum sodium ion concentration (mmol/L) 140 a b b b 120 c c c d 100 e e 80 60 40 20 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 15: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum sodium ion concnetration
Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight 70 d Serum potassium ion concentration (mmol/L) d d d d 60 c c 50 b b 40 a a a 30 20 10 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 16: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata on male rat serum potassium ion concentration root
25 Serum calcium ion concentration (mmol/L) Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight c c 20 a a a a a a a a a 15 b 10 5 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 17: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum calcium ion concentration
120 c c Serum creatinine concnetration (mmol/L) Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight b 100 e e d 80 a a a a a a 60 40 20 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 18: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata on male rat serum creatinine concentration root
12 c Control 50 mg/kg body weight 100 mg/kg body weight 200 mg/kg body weight c Serum urea concentration (mmol/L) c 10 b b b 8 a a a a a a 6 4 2 0 1 7 21 Days of administration Fig 19: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on male rat serum urea concentration
Conclusion Alterations in the normal levels of enzyme activities, liver and kidney function parameters after administration of Massularia acuminata root might adversely affect the normal functioning of the biomolecules and by extension, the organs.
Acknowledgment Part of this research was supported by the international Foundation for Science (IFS), Stockholm, Sweden, through a grant to Prof. M.T Yakubu (grant number F/3977-1 and F/3977-2).
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