Jainism and Buddhism in Ancient and Medieval India

Slide Note

Jainism and Buddhism are two ancient Indian religions that promoted non-violence and simplicity in a time of complex Vedic rituals and social hierarchies. This period saw the rise of important figures like Vardhaman Mahavira and the spread of key teachings like the importance of karma and the concept of transmigration of souls.

rflet Follow

Uploaded on Mar 06, 2025 | 0 Views

Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.

Download Presentation

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

JAINISM AND JAINISM AND BUDDHISM BUDDHISM Ancient and Medieval India Ancient and Medieval India RAMEEZ REZA ABHIMANU IAS RAMEEZ REZA ABHIMANU IAS ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 1

Causes of Origin Causes of Origin Abhipedia IAS 1. Varna System. 2. Use of Coins. 3. Agricultural Economy in the North-East. 4. Preached the Gospel of Non-Violence. 5. Expensive Vedic Rituals and the Scrifices were complicated.. 6. Colloquial Languages . 7. Supremacy of the Brahamanas. ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 2

Sharamana Sharamana Movements Movements Abhipedia IAS Jainism Buddhism Ajivikiya Lokayata ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 3

Ajivikya Ajivikya Sect Sect Abhipedia IAS Older than other traditions Makkhali Gosala Central Idea Niyati ( Fate). Karma and Transmigration of soul existed but human effort played no role in it. Practised complete nudity. Criticised by Jainism & Buddhism. ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 4

Jainism Jainism Abhipedia IAS ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 5

Jainism Jainism Abhipedia IAS Vardhaman Mahavira, is regarded as the founder of Jainism. He was twenty-fourth and the last tirthankara of Jainism. In the beginning, Mahavira led the life of a householder, but in the search for truth he abandoned his family at the age of 30 years and became an ascetic. For twelve long years, he wandered from place to place doing penance. In the 13th year, at the age of 42 he attained omniscience or the supreme knowledge (Kaivalya) under a Sal tree near village Jrimbhikagrama, on the northern bank of the river Rijupalika in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. He was now Kevalin (Omniscient), Jina (conqueror) and Mahavira (the great hero). ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 6

Jainism Jainism Abhipedia IAS For the next 30 years he moved from place to place and preached his doctrines in Kosala, Magadha, Mithila, Champa etc. He wandered for eight months in a year and spent the four months of the rainy season in some famous town of eastern India. He often visited the courts of Bimbisara and Ajatasatru. He died by self starvation (Sallekana) at Pava (near Rajagriha) at the age of seventy-two (468 B.C.). ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 7

Teachings of Teachings of Mahavira Mahavira Abhipedia IAS Mahavira rejected the authority of the Vedas, the Vedic rituals and the Brahmin supremacy. He advocated an austere and simple life with the ultimate aim to attain Kaivalya (nirvana or moksha). Did not condemn the varna system, as Buddhism did. Mahavira recognised the existence of the God but placed them lower than the jina World not created, maintained and destroyed by a personal God but by a universal law. Mahavira regarded all objects, animate or inanimate, as endowed with various degrees of consciousness. They possess life and feel pain on the infliction of injuries. Believed in karma and the transmigration of soul. Jainism believed that the main goal of human life is the purification of soul and attainment of nirvana (moksha), which means freedom from birth and death. This can be achieved not through rituals and sacrifices but by pursuance of triratna and panchamahavrata. ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 8

Teachings of Teachings of Mahavira Mahavira Abhipedia IAS Triratna or three jewels are right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct, which can lead to liberation. Right conduct means observance of panchamahavrata (five great vows): ahimsa (do not commit violence), satya vachana (do not speak a lie), asteya (do not steal), brahmacharya (do not indulge in sexual act) and aprigraha (do not acquire property). Householders were expected to observe milder form of the practice of these virtues called anuvrata (small vows) in comparison to the monks. So, one can notice that while the Brahmanism was a ritual oriented religion this new faith was conduct-oriented. ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 9

Jainism Jainism Abhipedia IAS ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 10

Jaina Jaina Councils Councils Abhipedia IAS First Jaina council: The first Jaina council was held at Pataliputra under the leadership of Sthulabahu in the beginning of the third century B.C. and resulted in the compilation of 12 Angas (sections) to replace the lost 14 Purvas (old texts). The Digambaras boycotted the council and refused to accept its decisions. Second Jaina council: The second council was held at Valabhi in Gujarat in the fifth century A.D. by the Svetambaras under the leadership of Devardhi Kshamasramana, and resulted in the final compilation of the 12 Angas and 12 Upangas. ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 11

Spread of Jainism Spread of Jainism Abhipedia IAS Kings Patronage Southern and Western India. Mahavira had eleven disciples known as Ganadharas or heads of schools. Arya Sudharma was the only Ganadhara who survived Mahavira and became the first Thera (chief preceptor) of the Jaina order. Udayin, the successor of Ajatashatru of Magadha, was a Jaina and so were the Nanda rulers. Jainism spread to Kalinga in Orissa in the fourth century B.C. and in the first century B.C. it enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king Kharavela. In the second and first centurles B.C. it also seems to have reached the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. From the fifth century A.D. onwards many royal dynasties of South India, such as the Gangas, the Kadambas, the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas patronised Jainism ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 12

Contribution of Jainism Contribution of Jainism Abhipedia IAS First attempt to mitigate evils of varna system. Impetus to local languages - Prakrit. Development of Regional languages Shauraseni Marathi, Kannada. Principle of Non-Violence: Influence on Politics: Growth of Trading Community: Creation of Healthy Society: Growth of Charitable Institutions: Growth of Art and Architecture: ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 13

Causes for Decline of Jainism Causes for Decline of Jainism Abhipedia IAS Lack of Royal Patronage: Lack of Efforts: Severity of Jainism: Factionalism in Jainism: Spread of Buddhism Role of Hindu Preachers: ABHIMANU IAS : COMPLETE GENERAL STUDIES PRE CUM MAINS COURSE CALL 7347432666, WWW.ABHIPEDIA.ABHIMANU.COM.. 14