Japan's Foreign Aid Evolution
Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) journey from post-war reparations to becoming a top donor country, including reforms, criticisms, and changes in the administration of their aid programs. Explore the characteristics of Japan's ODA, international skepticism, and possible research areas like infrastructure development and aid philosophy comparisons.
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Presentation Transcript
Research on Japans Foreign Aid and Official Development Assistance Elena Iriyama (De Angelis) 5617A004-1
Official Development Assistance ODA: Official government aid aimed to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries Technical Cooperation Bilateral Aid: Government recipient country Multilateral Aid: Government multilateral agencies Loan Aid Bilateral ODA Grants Multilateral (Others)
Background on Japans Foreign Aid Post-war reparations 1960s rapid ODA progress, development of overseas infrastructure Creation of JICA and other admin. organizations 1970-80 policy changes expansion, new projects Becoming a top donor country (1989)
since the 90s JICA reforms in 2003 independent administrative institution 2008 merges with Japan Bank of International Cooperation 2003 and 2015 revisions In 2016, Japan ranked fourth in contributions to ODA Japan s ODA is only 0.22% of its GNI
Characteristics of Japans ODA Fragmented system Use of loans wait-to-be-asked attitude Asia-centered Emphasis on infrastructure and human resource development Self-help mentality
A Critical View: International Criticism and Skepticism More loans than grants (tied aid) Economic infrastructure development self-serving Focus or priority for Asian countries Skepticism about Japan s real intentions ODA as a diplomatic tool Economic interests
Changes in Japans ODA Administration three aid programs become one, and JICA becomes more autonomous Goals from economic takeoff to poverty reduction Attitude more proactive role Policy clearer directions
Possible Areas of Research The changes in Japan s ODA Infrastructure: its importance in helping economic development and poverty reduction in receiving countries Aid philosophy and different mentalities for development strategies Japan vs. the West (international comparison)
Tentative Question How does Japan s ODA address the new challenges of the 21stcentury in its revisions in 2003 and 2015? MDGs and SDGs Poverty Reduction, Global Issues, Peace-building, Sustainability, Education
Research Methods Read the White Papers from MOFA Rely on books for history, but reports for current situation Annual Report on Japan s ODA by JICA and the OECD Compare/analyze the statistics released from government, international organizations and NGOs Case study?
Bibliography Akiyama, Takamasa and Takehiko Nakao Japanese ODA: Adapting to the issues and challenges of the new aid environment. Tokyo: Foundation of Advanced Studies on International Development, 2005. Print. Japan s Development Assistance, a Conversation with Mr.Hiroshi Kato. UNUChannel. (2016, June 22). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XGx6M3xbEs Kato, Hiroshi, Japan s Development Assistance: Foreign Aid and the Post-2015 Agenda, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Print.
MOFA, Japans Official Development Assistance White Paper 2014.Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2014. http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000118826.pdf MOFA, White Paper on Development Cooperation 2015. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2015. http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000168443.pdf Furuoka, Fumitaka, International Comparison of Japan s Official Development Assistance (ODA) Policy. Kota Kinabalu, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press, 24 Feb. 2009 https://mpra.ub.uni- muenchen.de/11899/1/MPRA_paper_11899.pdf Potter, David M. (2012) Japan s Official Development Assistance, in David M. Potter and Hyo-sook Kim (eds), Foreign Aid Competition in Northeast Asia. (Sterling, Va: Kumarian Press).http://office.nanzan-u.ac.jp/ncia/about- cia/item/pdf_12/kenkyu_02.pdf
