Key Terms and Figures in Yi Jing Tradition

G lossary of Y i J ing T erms G lossary of Y i J ing T erms J im C leaver

P roper N ouns / N ames P roper N ouns / N ames Y J ng Change Classic, Book of Change(s) Zh u Y Changes of the Zhou (the original text from the Zhou dynasty, sans commentary tradition) Ji o Sh Y L n Master Jiao s Change Forest (1st c. BCE oracle describing all 4096 transmutations of the 64 hexagrams) F X circa 2800 BCE [progenitor of Chinese civilization, invents trigrams & divination practices] D Y the Great Y , Y the Great [founder of the Xia Dynasty, circa 2200 BCE] W n W ng Literary/Cultural King [leader/king of the Zhou people, commits Zhou Yi to writing] W W ng Martial/Military King [one of K. Wen s sons, accomplishes the military overthrow of the Shang, 1122 BCE] Zh u G ng Duke of Zhou [K. Wu s brother, becomes regent of the empire when he dies; author of the line texts] D Y Emperor Yi [last Shang ruler, he is depicted as a decadent and tyrannical ruler, he imprisons K. Wen] K ng F -zi Confucius (Master Kong) R Ji Confucian School Sh o Y ng [1011-1077] Song Yi Jing scholar (major proponent of the Form & Number school) Zh X [1130-1200] (author of Yi Xue Qi Meng = Change Study Primer 1186) K ng X the 2nd Qing emperor, reigned 1662-1722, authorized 1715 edition of Yi Jing M W ng Du tombs in central Hunan where Yi Jing manuscripts from ~190 BCE were found in 1973

G eneral T erms G eneral T erms Gu B Gu divinatory symbols 8 Trigrams (trigram or hexagram) B n Gu Zh Gu initial hexagram resulting hexagram Y n Y ng shady side of a hill; overcast day sunny side of a hill; sunny day Ti n D Sky/Heaven/Celestial Earth/Terrestrial / S Xi ng Four Symbols/Emblems T i Y ng Sh oY ng old/mature yang young yang (yang gone to its extreme) (yang increasing) Sh oY n T i Y n young yin old/mature yin (yin increasing) (yin gone to its extreme) Sh ng J ng Xi J ng Upper Canon Lower Canon (hexagrams 1-30) (hexagrams 31-64)

S h S h Y Y = 1 0 W ings = 1 0 W ings Tu n Zhu n Wings 1 & 2 Comments/Commentary on the Decision/Judgment Xi ng Zhu n Wings 3 & 4 Comments/Commentary on the Images [of the trigrams] / / D Xi ng Larger Images the component trigram images Xi o Xi ng Smaller Images comments on the line texts (Wilhelm Book III, b) under the individual lines D Zhu n Wings 5 & 6 The Great Commentary/Treatise (is divided into two parts, each part is further divided into 12 subsections) X C Appended Statements part of, or another name for the Da Zhuan D Y n Great Extension/Expansion a subsection of the Da Zhuan [I.ix.1-8], that discusses yarrow-stalk method & numerology. W n Y n 7th Wing Words on the Text (commentary on texts of H: 1 & 2) Shu Gu 8th Wing Speaking/Talking of/about Trigrams X Gu 9th Wing On the Sequence of Hexagrams Z Gu 10th Wing Miscellaneous/Assorted/Random Notes on the Hexagrams

S h S h Y Y - - 1 0 W ings 1 0 W ings Tu n Zhu n Wings 1 & 2 Comments/Commentary on the Decision/Judgment Xi ng Zhu n Wings 3 & 4 Comments/Commentary on the Images [of the trigrams] / / D Xi ng Larger Images the component trigram images Xi o Xi ng Smaller Images comments on the line texts (Wilhelm Book III, b) under the individual lines) D Zhu n Wings 5 & 6 The Great Commentary/Treatise (is divided into two parts, each part is further divided into 12 subsections) X C part of, or another name for the Da Zhuan Appended Statements D Y n a subsection of the Da Zhuan [I.ix.1-8], that discusses yarrow-stalk method & numerology. Great Extension/Expansion W n Y n 7th Wing Words on the Text (commentary on texts of H: 1 & 2) Shu Gu 8th Wing Speaking/Talking of/about Trigrams X Gu 9th Wing On the Sequence of Hexagrams Z Gu 10th Wing Miscellaneous/Assorted/Random Notes on the Hexagrams

S chools and W ords M eaning C hange S chools and W ords M eaning C hange m ng life, destiny, fate; command, order Ti n M ng Mandate of Heaven, Celestial Decree Y L Meaning & Principle (school) Xi ng Sh Form & Number (school) p i school sh school D o The Way y change, natural evolutionary change; day to day, day into night, seasonal; change as the universal constant bi n generic change, vary hu transform, morph bi n-hu transformation, metamorphosis hu n change, exchange g change, renew, reform; remove, overthrow; revolt, revolution g ng change, alter, modify; change clothes ch ng change, become, turn into, complete, accomplish, succeed in becoming

B B G u incl. G u = = 8 T rigrams incl. P P n n- -Y Y n n - - N atural Image 8 T rigrams N atural Image - - A ttributes A ttributes Qi n Heaven Du Lake/marsh Joyous, tranquil, reflective (still water) L Fire/light brilliance, illumination, clarity & intelligence, Clinging Zh n Thunder Arousing, momentum, initiating, impulsive, shocking X n Wind/breeze Gentle, penetrating (wood) K n Water Darkness, danger, difficulty (moving water) G n Mountain Keeping Still meditation K n Earth Receptive, adaptive, devoted, supportive, nurturing Creativity

W W C hng C h ng T he 5 C onstants T he 5 C onstants (perennial values/ virtues) X n Y L Zh R n loyalty, trust, sincerity correctness, etiquette, justice ritual propriety, principle wisdom compassion, kindness, benevolence J n-zi nobleman/noble person, person of high integrity, exemplary person

Y Y o o = L ine(s) = L ine(s) y o w i y o w i zh ng w i line(s) position, seat (location) line position correct, proper position (when a line & its position are in accord) central line (of a trigram, of a hexagram = lines 2 & 5) mutually, reciprocal relationship, correlate; = corresponding lines host/ruling line zh ng xi ng zh r n

T he F ive P hase/ E lements T he F ive P hase/ E lements M Hu J n Shu T Wood Fire Metal Water Earth/Soil sh ng sh ch ng sh engendering #, concerns the creation of the five elements by H & E completion #, concerns the creation of the five elements by H & E / Sh ng K generation, production cycle (CL circle depicting relations between the elements) control/restraining cycle (CCL star depicting relations between the elements)

C osmological T erms C osmological T erms W J T i J Ti n, D , R n Heaven, Earth & Human Realms W n W the 10,000 things (the myriad of things; all things, creatures, manifestations) without beginning, nothingness, or no-thing-ness the great polarization Xi n Ti n H u Ti n Former Heaven (arrangement of trigrams attributed to Fu Xi) Latter Heaven (arrangement of trigrams attributed to King Wen) H T Lu Sh [Yellow] River Map Luo [River] Writing attributed to Fu Xi (~2800 BCE) attributed to the Great Yu (~2200 BCE)

T rigrams T rigrams H Gu T Gu Y ng Gu Nuclear Trigrams or Hexagrams the primary trigram the trigrams representing manifestations of or influences on the Ti Gua sh ng gu w i gu upper trigram outer trigram xi gu n i gu lower trigram inner trigram

N umbers and H exagrams six nine bottom, base (bottom/first line) top, upper (top/sixth line) N umbers and H exagrams li ji ch sh ng Gu Hu Gu M ng Gu C Tu n trigram or hexagram symbol/graphic trigram or hexagram name hexagram statements, the Judgment texts hexagram Decision or Judgment

T he F our T erms T he F our T erms S D yu n h ng l zh n xi ng The Four Terms (also Virtues) original sacrifice beneficial, advantageous; favorable to divine, divination sacrificial offering zh ng b q chapter, section; = a Meton cycle of 19.1 years 4 zhang = a Callipic cycle of 76.4 years any long cycle or period of time such as a decade or century Ji G ng 9 Palaces (magic square of 15)