Learning About Christianity: Central Beliefs, Sacraments, and Hierarchy

Warm-up COPY HW Please grab a red textbook Please find the page in your notebook called Learning About World Religions: Christianity Make this page 14 and complete the Preview T- chart

Essential Questions How can religion impact social and political institutions? What happens when different cultures interact with one another?

Doctrine Official teachings of the Church

Central Beliefs of Christianity Trinity: the union of three beings in one God The Resurrection: the miracle when Jesus arose from the dead after he was executed by the Romans Salvation: the belief that God can save people from sin and can grant them everlasting life

Sacraments 1. A sacrament is a sacred rite of Christian churches 2. Baptism is a sacrament that uses water to symbolize a new phase in someone s life. Some Christians apply only a little water to an individual s head, while others lower the individual completely underwater. Some denominations baptize babies, while others let people decide when they grow up if they want to be baptized. Baptism marks a person s entry into the Christian church. 3. Holy Communion is a Christian sacrament that commemorates Jesus and his Last Supper. Christians have different views of its meaning. Some see the bread and wine as the body and blood of Christ. Others see both as symbolic.

What is a hierarchy? An organization with different levels of authority Patriarch-POPE Head of the Roman Catholic Church Archbishop-oversees several bishops Bishop-oversee several churches Priest-run the church Laity-regular church members

Why do you think the church was ruled by a hierarchy? They used the Roman empire as a successful example.

Holidays Christmas: the holiday that celebrates Jesus s birth Lent: marks the 40 days that Jesus spent in the wilderness before he started to preach Palm Sunday: the first day of Holy Week; it marks when Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover Good Friday: the day that Jesus died on the cross Easter: this is the most important Christian holiday; it celebrates the Resurrection

The Great Schism of 1054 The patriarchs in Constantinople believed that they had authority over all Christians, while the pope in Rome believed that he had authority over all Christians. In 1054, the eastern part of the Church split with the western part. The eastern Church under the patriarchs became the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the western Church under the pope became the Roman Catholic Church. Both leaders excommunicated each other

The Great Schism of 1054

Separation of Church and State Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from each other. The term most often refers to the combination of two principles: secularity of government and freedom of religious exercise.

World History Ancient Israel was different in as much as the King and the priesthood were separate and limited to their respective spheres of authority and responsibility. The early Roman emperors held the state's highest religious office, pontifex maximus. Later they were commonly regarded as divine while living. This was challenged by Christians and Jews who acknowledged the Emperor's political authority but refused to participate in the state's religion or to recognize the emperor's divinity. When the Protestant Reformation broke out, Martin Luther began to articulate a doctrine of the two kingdoms. According to James Madison, perhaps one of the most important modern proponents of the separation of church and state, Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms marked the beginning of the modern conception of separation of church and sta

U.S. History Traced to the letter written by Thomas Jefferson in 1802 to the Danbury Baptists Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," thus building a wall of separation between Church & State.

Examples. A public school can t preach that one religion is better than another You can t be fired from your job because you are a certain religion Religious symbols can t be displayed in government building, such as a courthouse

Closure Please complete practice quiz #2 as a review for tomorrow s quiz Trinity-the union of three beings in one God Sacrament-a sacred rite of Christian churches Baptism-the use of water to mark a person s entry into the Christian church. Holy Communion-sacrament that commemorates Jesus and his Last Supper Hierarchy-An organization with different levels of authority Laity- regular church member Schism-split in the Christian Church Excommunicated-kicked out of the church Christmas-the holiday that celebrates Jesus s birth Lent- marks the 40 days that Jesus spent in the wilderness before he started to preach Palm Sunday- the first day of Holy Week; it marks when Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover Good Friday-the day that Jesus died on the cross Easter-this is the most important Christian holiday; it celebrates the Resurrection