Linux Fork/Exec Example & Windows Process Creation
In this context, learn about the process creation techniques using fork/exec in Linux and CreateProcess in Windows. Understand the concepts of threads, processes, and dispatching in the context of CS 111 Lecture Notes. Explore the differences between processes and threads, including their relationship, state-sharing capabilities, and context switching mechanisms.
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Presentation Transcript
Linux Fork/Exec Example int child_pid_or_zero = fork(); if (child_pid_or_zero == 0) { execvp( ls , argv); } else { waitpid(child_pid_or_zero, &status, options); }; Child process Parent process CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 1
Windows Process Creation BOOL CreateProcess( LPCTSTR lpApplicationName, LPTSTR lpCommandLine, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes, BOOL bInheritHandles, DWORD dwCreationFlags, LPVOID lpEnvironment, LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory, LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo, LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation ); WaitForSingleObject(lpProcessInformation->hProcess, INFINITE); CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 2
Thread Creation #include <thread> ... std::thread t(func); ... t.join(); void func() { /* This code will run concurrently with the code to the left. */ ... } CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 3
Processes vs. Threads Process Threads A thread is part of a process: A process can contain many threads A process also contains state x y z Variables and other state std:cin std:cout CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 4
Create New Thread New thread shares state with existing threads Process Process new std::thread(...) x y z x y z std:cin std:cout std:cin std:cout CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 5
Create New Thread Parent Process x y z fork() std:cin std:cout x y z std:cin std:cout Child Child starts with one thread x y z Child s state is a copy of parent s No sharing std:cin std:cout CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 6
Context Switch Process A Control Block Process B Control Block thread state Hardware Registers Threads Threads Core thread state A1 B1 A2 A3 R0 R1 SP RN SP A3 Stack B1 Stack CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 7
Context Switch Process A Control Block Process B Control Block thread state Hardware Registers Threads Threads Core thread state A1 B1 A2 A3 R0 R1 SP RN SP Saved Registers (all but SP) A3 Stack B1 Stack CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 8
Context Switch Process A Control Block Process B Control Block thread state Hardware Registers Threads Threads Core thread state A1 B1 A2 A3 R0 R1 SP RN SP SP A3 Stack B1 Stack CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 9
Context Switch Process A Control Block Process B Control Block thread state Hardware Registers Threads Threads Core thread state A1 B1 A2 A3 R0 R1 SP RN SP SP A3 Stack B1 Stack CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 10
Context Switch thread state Hardware Registers Threads Threads Core thread state A1 B1 A2 A3 R0 R1 RN SP Process A Control Block Process B Control Block SP A3 Stack B1 Stack CS 111 Lecture Notes: Threads, Processes, and Dispatching Slide 11
