Lipoproteins Serum Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a vital substance essential for life, playing key roles in cell membranes, hormone production, and nutrient absorption. Learn about cholesterol testing, screening, and major risk factors for heart disease.
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Presentation Transcript
Lipoproteins Serum Cholesterol Muthana A. Al-Shemeri Lab. Assistants, Mr Jamal Abdulfattah Mrs Ferdws Ghazi
Cholesterol is unsaturated steroid alcohol and a vehicle of unsaturated fatty acids because it is easily to etherified. 1/3 is free cholesterol and 2/3 is present as cholesterol esters.
Cholesterol is a substance (a steroid) that is essential for life. It forms the membranes for cells in all organs and tissues in the body. It is used to make hormones that are essential for development, growth, and reproduction. It forms bile acids that are needed to absorb nutrients from food.
Why Get Tested? To screen for risk of developing heart diseases; To monitor effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy.
Screening: as part of a regular health exam when no risk factors for heart disease are present; adults should be tested once every four to six years; children, teens, and young adults should be tested once between the ages of 9 and 11 and then again between the ages of 17 and 21. Monitoring: may be done more frequently when risk factors for heart disease are present, when prior results showed high risk levels, and/or when undergoing treatment for unhealthy lipid levels.
Test Preparation Needed? If you are having this test performed as part of the lipid profile, typically you will need to fast for 9-12 hours before the sample is collected; only water is permitted. For youths without risk factors, testing may be done without fasting.
Major risk factors include: Cigarette smoking Being overweight or obese Having an unhealthy diet Being physically inactive (not getting enough exercise) Age (men 45 years or older or women 55 years or older) Having high blood pressure (hypertension) or taking high blood pressure medications Family history of premature heart disease (heart disease in an immediate family member male relative under age 55 or female relative under age 65) Having pre-existing heart disease or already having had a heart attack Having diabetes or prediabetes
Normal range (less than 200 mg/dl), Borderline (200-239 mg/dl), High risk (more than 240 mg/dl) In healthy committees' cutoff is 220 mg/dl.
Physiological factors Age Sex Season Environment and diet
Pathological increase Arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Renal disease, hypercholesterolemia nephritic syndrome. Pathological decrease Endocrine and metabolic disorder, decrease cholesterol utilizing hypothyroidism. Liver disease, decrease S. Chol. Hepatocellular jaundice BUT markedly decrease cirrhosis or severe hepatitis.
Pathological decrease Malabsorption Starvation Various hemolytic jaundice Acute infection Hyperthyroidism
