Livestock Disease Prevalence at Household Level in Botswana
Explore the prevalence of livestock diseases at the household level in Botswana, including common diseases in cattle and goats, insights from a survey of individual households, and the importance of participatory epidemiology in understanding and preventing disease outbreaks.
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Presentation Transcript
Disease prevalence at household level in smallholder livestock production system in Botswana Katjiuongua, H., Mbeha, B., Ntesang, K., Hendrickx, S. & Marobela, C. Policies for competitive livestock production 4-6 Mar. 2015. Gaborone, Botswana
Disease prevalence at household level Animal disease outbreaks: can be devastating Direct costs - Death of animals - Repercussions throughout the livestock chain - Human health and deaths Indirect costs - Lower productivity slow growth, reduced efficiency of input use - Reduced access to markets Negatively affects competitiveness at household and national levels 2
Disease prevalence at household level Objective Better understand livestock diseases prevalence at household level Gauge: what is going on at household level Data Survey of individual households randomly selected (N = 596) Participatory epidemiology (PE) - Serowe, Mahalapye, Boteti, Kasane and Selebi Phikwe (N= 699) Findings Way forward 3
Disease prevalence at household level Individual household survey: Most commonly experienced diseases - cattle (%) 25 Other - Contagious abortion (20%) - Ticks (16%) 20 15 10 Series1 5 Goats: - Abortion - Diarrhea - Foot rot 0 4
Disease prevalence at household level Participatory epidemiology : Overview? of? most? common? cattle? diseases? reported? by? sub-district.? ? ? Serowe? Boteti? Malahapye? Kasane? ? - Most can be prevented by vaccination 1?Pasteurellosis? Pasteurellosis? Lumpy? skin? disease? ? Cutaneous? streptothricosis? 2?Black? leg? Internal? parasites? Pasteurellosis? Fasciolosis? 3?Lumpy? skin? disease? ? Botulism? Black? leg? Calf? paratyphoid? 4?Botulism? Ophtalmia? Botulism? Abortion? ? 5?Contagious? abortion? ? ? Heartwater? Bovine? ephemeralfever? virus? (BEFV)? - High occurrence of abortion 6?Helminthiosis? ? ? Anthrax? Opthalmia? ? 7?? ? ? ? Abortion? Mineral? imbalance? 8?? ? ? ? Parasites? ? ? - 9?? ? ? ? Aphosphorosis? ? ? Consistent with sero results on leptospirosis 10?? ? ? ? ? Calf? paratyphoid? ? ? ? - Kasane: different - fasciolosis 5
Disease prevalence at household level Participatory epidemiology - Only 2 districts: hard to generalize ? ? ? ? ? ? Most? common? sheep? and? goat? diseases? ? ? Serowe? Kasane? ? 1?Pasteurellosis? Heartwater? - High occurrence of abortion 2?Heartwater? Contagious? ecthyma? 3?Enterotoxemia? Abortion? - 4?Footrot? Helminthiasis? ? ? Need to explore leptospirosis in small ruminants 5?Pink? eye? Dermatophilosis? 6?Contagious? abortion? ? ? 6
Disease prevalence at household level Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates - High fatality rates from fasciolosis (asymptomatic) Herd? morbidity,? mortality? and? case? fatality? rates? -? ? Kasane? ? ? Overall? morbidity? 38.0%? - High occurrence of lumpy skin Overall? mortality? Overall? Case? Fatality? Rate? (CFR)? ? 23.0%? 60.5%? CFR? Dermatophilosis? CFR? Fasciolosis? 58.8%? 69.2%? CFR? Lumpy? Skin? Disease? CFR? Calf? parathyphoid? 33.3%? 50.0%? Other? diseases? (ephemeral? fever,? abortion)? 66.7%? 7
Disease prevalence at household level Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates - Septicemic pasteurollosis is the cause for most mortality Flock? morbidity,? mortality? and? case? fatality? rates-? Serowe? sub-district? Overall? morbidity? Overall? mortality? 46.0%? 15.0%? Overall? Case? Fatality? Rate? (CFR)? ? CFR? Heartwater? 32.6%? 71.4%? - High occurrence of abortion CFR? Helminthiosis? CFR? Pasteurellosis? ? 18.8%? 80.0%? - CFR? contagious? abortion? Other? diseases? ? 15.4%? 20.0%? Need to explore leptospirosis in small ruminants 8
Disease prevalence at household level Animal health care Average expenditure disease management (BWP/year) - Extension agents most important source of animal health information Ticks control Curative Goats/sheep Cattle Vaccination - Animal health provider and input supplier Deworming 0 50 100 150 200 - Use govt. veterinarians 80% Average expenditure (BWP in 2012) - livestock Deworming Curative Vaccination Ticks control 281 302 226 253 9
Disease prevalence at household level Way Forward - Need to investigate leptospirosis in small ruminants and its zoonotic aspects - Investing in internal and external parasites to prevent loss of animal due to disease important - High worm (burden) occurrence - Further analysis - look at factors affecting adoption of technologies and preventive measures of specific diseases at household levels 10
Thank you 11
