Low Frequency Aperture Array (LFAA) System Requirements

Aperture Array Design & Construction Consortium Low Frequency Aperture Array (LFAA) LFAA System Requirements STFC (UK ATC) Prepared by: Hermine Schnetler 12-Apr-16 1 AADC - LFAA

Documentation Information flow Design Specification Verification Planning Costing Costing Baseline Design SKA1 SKA1 System Requirements SKA1 Operational Concept Design External ICDs PMP SEMP Design and Analysis Document RMP QAP Safety RAM Analysis Acceptance Test Specifications Internal ICD LFAA Construction Plan Requirements Specification Construction Cost Analysis AIV Plan AAVS1 Plan Compliance Matrix Test Reports Design and Analysis Documents Sub-system Specifications Final Acceptance Specification MAIT Plan Internal ICD Internal ICD Internal ICD MAIT Plan Sub-system Specifications Final Acceptance Specification Sub- Systems MAIT Plan Internal ICD Sub-system Specifications Final Acceptance Specification MAIT Plan Sub-system Specifications Final Acceptance Specification 12-Apr-16 2 AADC - LFAA

Requirements Engineering the process Version 7 13th April 2016) SKA Phase 1 Science Case 11-Oct-16 28-Apr-17 LFAA CDR SKA1 System Specification Baseline (V8)? Today 1-Jul-16 1-Oct-16 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 SKA Phase1 System Requirements Specification SKA-TEL-SKO-0000008 2016-05-02 2017-04-28 Operational Concept Description (OCD) SKA1 Regulations etc Which Version will be the CDR baseline? We need to define a cut-off date? Requirements engineering One day we might have an official version? Engineering Budgets System Development and Critical Item Specifications Development Specifications System Analysis and Design Document Antenna Assembly Critical Item Specifications Antenna Power Interface Unit Tile Processing Module Software Requirements Specification LFAA Requirements Specification Signal Processing System Monitor Control and Calibration System (MCCS) Signal Processing System SRS MCCS SRS LFAA Data Network Sub-System Analysis and Design Documents 12-Apr-16 3 AADC - LFAA

Requirements Engineering Time-Line 12-Apr-16 4 AADC - LFAA

Requirements Engineering Time-Line (2) 12-Apr-16 5 AADC - LFAA

Engineering budget process SKA1 System Requirements & Operational Concept Associate performance requirements with each function Engineering budget allocations System Level Design System level re-allocation Requirements (including Product Performance (if required) margins) Iterate Design until compliant or if infeasible flag issue with science team Measurements, model and metrics System Level Design System Level Design 12-Apr-16 6 AADC - LFAA

Science to Engineering budgets map Science Case & Performance Characteristic Timing Budget [1] Time- domain stability [2] Noise/Tsys [3] Linearity [4] Dynamic Range [5] Spectral Performance [6] Polarization performance [7] EoR/CD Spatial/spectral frequency domains Spectral cube image domain Brightness temperature sensitivity Pulsar Search DM range x x x x x x x x x x x x x Search area Pulsar Timing Timing Accuracy System clock and clock derivatives Standard Imaging Continuum Spectral line cubes x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Transients x x x 12-Apr-16 7 AADC - LFAA

House of Quality (part of QFD) ROOF = Correlation Matrix QFD = Quality Function Deployment Correlation Matrix Key 7. Polarization Performance Strong Positive Science Importance 6. Spectral Performance 2. Time domain stability Technical Requirements 9. Inherent Availability Positive Positive 10. Maintainability 5. Dynamic Range 8. Configurability 1. Timing Budget Negative 3. Noise/Tsys 4. Linearity Science Requirements Strong Negative Inter-relationship Matrix Key 1. Spatial/Spectral frequency domains EOR/CD Strong Inter-relationship 2. Spectral cube image domain Medium Inter-relationship 3. Brightness temperature sensitivity Weak Inter-relationship 4. DM range Pulsar Search 5. Search range Science Cases 6. Timing accuracy Pulsar Timing 7. System clock and clock derivatives Inter-relationship Matrix 8. Continuum Imaging 9. Spectral line cubes Science Requirements 10. Transients Technical Requirements Usability 11. Operational Availability (Ao) 12. Ease of Use Goals Technical Priorities Technical Difficulty DESIGN TARGETS 12-Apr-16 8 AADC - LFAA

Waterfall Relationship of QFD matrices AADC Task AADC Task Low Telescope Domain Specialist AAVS1 Measured Calculated 12-Apr-16 9 AADC - LFAA

System Specification Model Production Margin Guard band 0.45 Production Test Data Distribution 0.4 0.35 Measurement Uncertainty Delta Guard band Environmental Drift 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Mean Test Line Limit (TLL) = Which will provide and acceptable Turn-on Rate (TOR) Production Specification The purpose of the model is to separate the specification into quantifiable elements, that taken together, link a science specification to the production distribution while maintaining metrology goals, competitiveness of specifications, and producibility. 12-Apr-16 10 AADC - LFAA

Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Low Frequency Aperture Array (LFAA) 101-000000 #512 #256 Antenna Assembly 160-000001 FIELD NODE 160-000000 #1 Antenna Power Interface Unit 160-000002 #1 Mesh 160-000003 # 8192 Tile Processing Module 161-000000 Monitor, Control and Calibration Sub- System (MCCS) 162-000000 #1 #1 Signal Processing Sub-System (SPS) 163-000000 Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network (LFAA-DN) 164-000000 #1 12-Apr-16 11 AADC - LFAA

Engineering budgets Performance Budgets Signal Chain Analysis Data Latency Data Transfer Rate Budget Power Budget Mass and Volume Budget Installation Timing Budget Error Budgets 12-Apr-16 12 AADC - LFAA

LFAA Specification Tree Procurement Specifications LFAA Requirements Specification Software Requirements Specification Antenna Assembly Procurement Specification Antenna Power Interface Unit Procurement Specification Fibre Cable Assembly Procurement Specification MCCS Hardware Platform Procurement Specification Tile Processing Module MCCS Software Requirements Specification Tile Processing Module Procurement Specification Tile Processing Module Software Requirement Specification Rack Sub-System Procurement Specification Clock and Frequency Distribution Procurement Specification LFAA Data Network Procurement Specification 12-Apr-16 13 AADC - LFAA

THE END 12-Apr-16 14 AADC - LFAA

Any Questions 12-Apr-16 15 AADC - LFAA

Noise/Tsys SKA1-SYS_REQ-2824 Absolute flux scale : The absolute flux scale shall be accurate to 5% SKA1-SYS_REQ-2135 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 50MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 72 m 2 K -1 at 50MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lamda 2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 110MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 380 m 2 K -1 at 100 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 160MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 535 m 2 K -1 at 160 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 220MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 530 m 2 K -1 at 220 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55. SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 280 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 500 m^2/K at 280 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 340 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 453 m^2/K at 340 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2136 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2137 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2138 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2814 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2815 12-Apr-16 16 AADC - LFAA

Linearity SKA1-SYS_REQ-2653 Linearity. At the finest frequency resolution in the processing chain, the level of spurious signals due to non-linearity shall be less than the noise level when no external input signal is present. 12-Apr-16 17 AADC - LFAA

Dynamic range SKA1-SYS_REQ-2676 Dynamic range. The SKA1_Low beams shall have a dynamic range of better than 40 dB. Spectral dynamic Range For Spectrally-based science observations, the ability to resolve and detect individual weak spectral lines against the thermal continuum and in the presence of nearby strong lines is analysed. Imaging dynamic Range In imaging applications, the spatial behaviour of the station and array beams sets the noise limits of the observations. Spectral performance Spectral performance includes frequency-domain parameters including digital and analogue filter performance and stability, as well as calibration effects. 12-Apr-16 18 AADC - LFAA

Polarization performance Polarization is limited by the basic/intrinsic cross-polarization performance of the antenna pair (IxR) as well as the fidelity of beam models which predict the behaviour of the beam pointing. As the beam is pointed off-zenith, projection effects make the polarization response of the antenna pair more elliptical, and while a cross-polarization response term (Jones Matrix) is included in the station signal processing, fitting and estimation errors as well as effect of discrete pointing angles cause errors between the predicted and actual responses. SKA1-SYS_REQ-2964 SKA1_Low Cross Polarisation Purity, Pulsar timing. The SKA1_Low intrinsic cross polarisation ratio for Pulsar timing shall be at least 15 dB over the whole observing bandwidth within the half power beam width SKA1_Low Calibrated Polarisation Fidelity for Pulsars. The SKA1_Low telescope shall produce phase-resolved averages of the polarised flux from Pulsars with calibrated polarisation fidelity of at least 40 dB. SKA1-SYS_REQ-2966 12-Apr-16 19 AADC - LFAA

Other engineering budgets Network capacity Control latency Power budget Rack space Rack cooling requirements 12-Apr-16 20 AADC - LFAA

Noise/Tsys SKA1-SYS_REQ-2824 Absolute flux scale : The absolute flux scale shall be accurate to 5% SKA1-SYS_REQ-2135 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 50MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 72 m 2 K -1 at 50MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lamda 2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 110MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 380 m 2 K -1 at 100 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 160MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 535 m 2 K -1 at 160 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 220MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 530 m 2 K -1 at 220 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55. SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 280 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 500 m^2/K at 280 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 340 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 453 m^2/K at 340 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2136 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2137 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2138 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2814 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2815 12-Apr-16 21 AADC - LFAA

Noise/Tsys SKA1-SYS_REQ-2824 Absolute flux scale : The absolute flux scale shall be accurate to 5% SKA1-SYS_REQ-2135 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 50MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 72 m 2 K -1 at 50MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lamda 2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 110MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 380 m 2 K -1 at 100 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 160MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 535 m 2 K -1 at 160 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity at 220MHz . The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith of greater than 530 m 2 K -1 at 220 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55. SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 280 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 500 m^2/K at 280 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1_Low array sensitivity per polarization at 340 MHz. The SKA1_Low array shall have a sensitivity per polarization at zenith greater than 453 m^2/K at 340 MHz when assuming a sky noise temperature following the law 60.lambda^2.55 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2136 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2137 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2138 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2814 SKA1-SYS_REQ-2815 12-Apr-16 22 AADC - LFAA

Pre-construction Stage 2 Objectives Produce a fully qualified system Engineering Design Data Pack or a Fabrication Data Pack Well define system ready to call for tenders we need a mix of various types of system and procurement specifications and Well defined and costed roll-out plan. All of this should be based on a well developed System Architecture and Product Breakdown Structure 12-Apr-16 23 AADC - LFAA

What do we need? Design and Analysis Document for each sub-system based on the actual planned implementation Procurement Specifications (including interface definitions) Agreed Product Breakdown Structure A PBS driven WBS lean and essential engineering artifacts Construction cost will be driven by the quality of the CDR Data Pack What will be in place? 24 12-Apr-16 24 AADC - LFAA

Low Telescope Block Definition Diagram Field Installation Central Processing Facility (CPF) Signal Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) Tile Processing Modules Tile Processing Modules . Power . Tile Processing Modules Antenna Assembly Power In Fibre Cable Assemblies (RFoF) Signal Processing Racks . Tile Processing Modules Tile Processing Modules Signal . Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) Power Tile Processing Modules Regional Science Data Centre Cumulative Tile Beams Antenna Assembly Power In Monitor Control and Calibration System (MCCS) Telescope Manager (TM) Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network (LFAA-DN) Science Data Processing (SDP) Central Signal Processing (CSP LOW) Remote Processing Facilities (RPF) Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network Racks will use air within the RPF to cool the equipment in racks Cumulative Tile Beams Signal Fibre Cable Assembly RPF is a fully temperature controlled, weather protected facility conforming to ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1. Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) Power Signal Processing Racks 12-Apr-16 25 AADC - LFAA Antenna Assembly Power In

100-000000 SKA1 Low Telescope PBS 101-000000 LFAA LOW 160-000000 Field Node LOW 161-000000 Tile Processing Module (TPM) LOW 162-000000 Monitor Control and Calibration System (MCCS) LOW 163-000000 Signal Processing System (SPS) LOW 164-000000 Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network (LFAA_DN) LOW 102-000000 Central Signal Processing (CSP) LOW 111-000000 CSP Correlator and Beamformer (CBF) LOW 113-000000 CSP Pulsar Search Engine (PSS) LOW 114-000000 CSP Pulsar Timing Engine (PST) LOW 110-000000 CSP Local Monitor and Control (LMC) LOW 115-000000 CSP Sub Element Integration Infrastructure LOW 103-000000 Telescope Manager LOW 121-000000 TM Telescope Management LOW 122-000000 TM Observation Management LOW 123-000000 TM Local Monitoring & Control (LMC) LOW 124-000000 TM Local Infrastructure LOW 125-000000 TM Graphical User Interface LOW 12-Apr-16 26 AADC - LFAA

100-000000 - Low Telescope PBS 104-000000 Science Data Processing (SDP) LOW 136-000000 Data Processor LOW 134-000000 Delivery System LOW 135-000000 SDP Local Monitoring and Control (LMC) LOW 137-000000 Long Term Archive LOW 105-000000 Signal and Data Transport (SaDT) LOW 140-000000 Trenching and Reticulation Network Infrastructure LOW 141-000000 Synchronisation and Timing (SAT) LOW (SAT-LOW) 142-000000 Non-Science Data Network (NSDN) LOW 143-000000 Network Manager LOW 145-000000 Digital Data Back Haul (DDBH) LOW 146-000000 Central Signal Processor Science Data Processor (CSP-SDP) LOW 144-000000 To External LOW 500-000000 INAU LOW 513-000000 Access LOW 514-000000 Access AUSI 515-000000 Prepared Ground LOW 506-000000 Communications AUSI 510-000000 Camps AUSI 508-000000 Buildings LOW 516-000000 Buildings AUSI LOW 12-Apr-16 27 AADC - LFAA

100-000000 - Low Telescope PBS 500-000000 INAU LOW 513-000000 Access LOW 514-000000 Access AUSI 515-000000 Prepared Ground LOW 506-000000 Communications AUSI 510-000000 Camps AUSI 508-000000 Buildings LOW 516-000000 Buildings AUSI LOW 517-000000 Building Management System AUSI LOW 518-000000 Facility Power LOW 519-000000 Facility Cooling LOW 510-000000 Facility RFI Shielding LOW 511-000000 Facility Rack Space LOW 503-000000 Power LOW 512-000000 Power AUSI 512-000001 Onsite Backup LOW 512-000002 Power Monitoring & Control System LOW 512-000003 Primary Distribution LOW 513-000000 Array Power Network LOW 513-000001 Array Power Network - Core LOW 513-000002 Array Power Network - Remote LOW 505-000000 Site Monitoring LOW 514-000000 Weather Stations AUSI 515-000000 Tropospheric Monitor AUSI 516-000000 Radio Frequency Interference Monitor AUSI 517-000000 Visual Monitoring AUSI 509-000000 Vehicles AUSI 511-000000 Water and Waste AUSI 12-Apr-16 28 AADC - LFAA

LFAA Block Diagram Field Installation Central Processing Facility (CPF) IF05 Signal Cooling CLK Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) . IF02 CPF SCP IF04 Power PWR . Cooling CLK IF01 CPF SCP PWR Fibre Cable Assemblies (RFoF) Cooling CLK Signal Processing Racks Antenna Assembly Power In CPF SCP PWR . Cooling CLK CPF SCP PWR Signal . Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) IF02 Cooling CLK Power IF04 CPF SCP PWR IF01 Cumulative Tile Beams Cooling CSP SCP PWR Monitor Control and Calibration System (MCCS) To Central Signal Processing (CSP) Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network (LFAA-DN) Antenna Assembly Power In Logical Station Beams (#512) Cooling CSP SCP PWR Mesh SaDT LFAA IF# Antenna Bases IF03 from other RPFs from other RPFs Terrain Installed at each Field Node SaDT LFAA IF# Remote Processing Facilities (RPF) Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network Signal Cumulative Tile Beams Racks will use air within the RPF to cool the equipment in racks Antenna Power Interface Unit (APU) Fibre Cable Assembly IF02 Power Signal Processing Racks IF04 RPF is a fully temperature controlled, weather protected facility conforming to ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1. PWR CLK PWR CLK PWR CLK IF01 IF06 RPF SCP RPF SCP RPF SCP Antenna Assembly Power In 12-Apr-16 29 AADC - LFAA

Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Low Frequency Aperture Array (LFAA) 101-000000 #512 #256 Antenna Assembly 160-000001 FIELD NODE 160-000000 #1 Antenna Power Interface Unit 160-000002 #1 Mesh 160-000003 # 8192 Tile Processing Module 161-000000 Monitor, Control and Calibration Sub- System (MCCS) 162-000000 #1 #1 Signal Processing Sub-System (SPS) 163-000000 Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network (LFAA-DN) 164-000000 #1 12-Apr-16 30 AADC - LFAA

SKA Product Breakdown Structure - LFAA Telescope Element Sub-System Assembly Low Element Level Deliverables LFAA Requirements Specification LFAA Design and Analysis Report Internal ICD LFAA LFAA Compliance Matrix LFAA RAM Analysis Safety Report Telescope Level Deliverables (SKAO) LFAA Construction Plan LFAA Detailed Cost Report Risk Report Telescope Requirements Element to Element ICDs Telescope AIV Plan Compliance Matrix Telescope Construction Plan and Telescope Cost Analysis Antenna Assembly Field Node Antenna Power Interface Unit Mesh Tile Processing Module Monitor, Control and Calibration System Signal Processing Sub-System Low Frequency Aperture Array Data Network Sub-System Level Deliverables Assembly Level Fabrication Data Pack consists of: Sub-System Development Specification Bill Of Material Data Pack (see next slides) Software Requirements Specification (if required) Final Acceptance Test Specification Design and Analysis Document Final Acceptance Test Plan and Procedure Assembly, Integration and Verification Plan Final Acceptance Test Report Final Acceptance Test Report Compliance Matrix 12-Apr-16 31 AADC - LFAA

Document number SKA-TEL-LFAA-01000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-01000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-01000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-01000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-01000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX Document name Detailed risk register Procurement strategy and costing for LFAA procurement at SKA1 construction LFAA ILS input to SKAO ILS report LFAA RAM Analysis Safety plan Delivered Items and Documents List LFAA Construction plan (can include verification plan, test plan, roll out, hand over, acceptance plan) LFAA requirements specification LFAA design and analysis report External ICD LFAA-CSP External ICD LFAA - INFRA.AUS External ICD LFAA - TM External ICD LFAA - SaDT Internal ICD document, including all internals ICDs + system definition LFAA Compliance matrix Power report AAVS 1 Test and Verification Plans (subsumed by a & b) Top-level design and specification of AAVS 1 (subsumed by SKA-TEL-LFAA-0200001 SE-SRS REV 01 AAVS1 System Requirements Specification: HS) Production and test of hardware and software modules for AAVS 1 (This is now split into the WPs with their L4 and tie back to 0200001) Internal and external procurement for AAVS 1 (procurement is not managed by PROT, but AAVS1 management PB) AAVS1 test and evaluation report (subsumed by b) a) AAVS1 Commissioning Test Plan (SKA-TEL-0800002, updated) b) AAVS1 Commissioning Test Report SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-02000XX SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000000 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000001 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000002 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000003 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000004 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000005 SKA-TEL-LFAA-0000006 12-Apr-16 32 AADC - LFAA

Specification Types Development Technical Critical Item Procurement Software Requirements Which ones do we need debatable and should be based on the final system architecture 12-Apr-16 33 AADC - LFAA

THE END 12-Apr-16 34 AADC - LFAA

Any Questions 12-Apr-16 35 AADC - LFAA

AIV Strategy 12-Apr-16 36 AADC - LFAA

Example Construction Schedule 12-Apr-16 37 AADC - LFAA

12-Apr-16 38 AADC - LFAA