Management and Testing for Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proper management involves a treatment regimen with antibiotics, while testing includes Mantoux and Tuberculin tests. Sputum collection and processing are crucial for diagnosis, especially for GeneXpert testing. Learn about the phases of TB treatment, testing procedures, and sputum collection guidelines.
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Presentation Transcript
MANAGEMENT OF TB-NEW CASES Intensive Phase : Continuation Phase Rifampicin (R) Isoniazid (H) Pyrazinamide (Z) Ethambutol (E) Rifampicin (R) Isoniazid (H)
MANTOUX TEST Tuberculin skin tests (TST) are administered to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). The terms Mantoux, TB skin test, tuberculin skin test, and PPDs are often used interchangeably. Mantoux refers to the technique for administering the test.
TUBERCULIN TEST TST is only available at Divisional Hospitals and it is advisable that this test be administered by a registered nurse. Instructions on the administration and the reading of the test results are included in this document . The test is usually done on the right forearm and read after 48-72 hours. The induration (not erythema) is measured transversely with a positive test constituting: >10 mm for HIV seronegative patients >5mm for immunocompromised patients
SPUTUM COLLECTION, PROCESSING AND TRANSPORT An early morning sputum of good quality is ideal. If this is not possible, a spot sputum of good quality must be collected as the initial investigation for presumptive TB patients for GeneXPert (Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing NAAT) which also tests for Rifampicin resistance . For patients that are admitted in the wards, an early morning sputum of good quality is required. In an outpatient or clinic setting, a spot sputum of good quality is adequate to conduct the tests.
SPUTUM COLLECTION Find an outdoor location, away from others, for the patient to expectorate sputum into the sputum container. For children, the use of nebulizers preferably with hypertonic saline solution may help in stimulating the airways in order to obtain a good sputum sample. Direct the patient to firmly close the container after sample collection Health worker MUST ensure that both samples are of good quality
