Mastering Git: A Comprehensive Guide to Version Control System
Discover the intricacies of Git version control system with this comprehensive guide covering plumbing, porcelain, object database, adding files, updating index, committing changes, moving branches, and managing packfiles effectively. Learn key commands and processes to efficiently navigate through different stages in your Git repository.
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Presentation Transcript
Lecture 12: Plumbing and Porcelain Lecture 12: Plumbing and Porcelain
Schedule Today (11/28): Plumbing and Porcelain Last Class (12/5): Final Exam
The .git Folder $ ls .git config local configuration (not --global) description HEAD the head hooks/ scripts that run on various events info/ staging area metadata objects/ content database refs/ branches, tags, remotes
Object Database Key-value data store addressable by SHA-1 hash This is my file Database (.git/objects) hash
Adding Files to Object Database $ git hash-object -w <filename> Adds object to database and returns SHA-1 hash of file + header $ git cat-file -p <hash> Pretty-prints an object in the database Objects live in .git/objects: $ find .git/objects -type f .git/objects/7d/b4ad2eaea38d5714120aa20bac869ed69de756 .git/objects/c6/1a4dbe8af3b1a3c3338367fce1be14596fe80e
Update Index $ git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 \ <hash> <filename> Add object from database to index $ git write-tree Creates tree object and returns hash
Committing $ git commit-tree <tree hash> -p <parent commit hash> \ -m "message" Creates a commit with the given tree and parent Returns commit hash Does not move any refs! Now we can do: $ git log <commit hash>
Refs and Moving Branches $ git update-ref refs/heads/<branch name> <commit hash> Moves branch to point to different commit $ git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/<branch name> Moves the HEAD Remote refs live in refs/remotes/<remote name>/<branch name>
Packfiles List size of object directory $ du -sh .git/objects List sizes of each object $ find .git/objects -type f | xargs du -h Run garbage collection and packing $ git gc List contents of packfile $ git verify-pack -v <path to pack>
Data Recovery $ git reflog Lists any changes to refs in reverse-chronological order
