Music Perception Study on Interval Size & Key Membership
Explore the effects of interval size and key membership on perceiving wrong notes in music across different cultures. Prior research and pilot studies conducted by Besson & Fata provide insights into the behavioral and ERP responses of musicians and nonmusicians to various types of wrong notes in Western melodies. The pilot study by Dowling and students delves into the impact of key membership, interval size, and direction on the perception of wrong notes among musically-trained Western participants. Conclusions suggest that key and interval are crucial factors, with musical training having a significant main effect. The study also touches upon cross-cultural aspects and delves into South Indian classical music, highlighting the significance of studying Carnatic music for its rich gamut of raga variations compared to Western modal scales.
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Presentation Transcript
E EFFECTS FFECTS OF I INTERVAL NTERVAL S SIZE N NOTES OTES: A C OF K KEY EY M MEMBERSHIP EMBERSHIP & & IN P PERCEIVING ERCEIVING W : A CROSS ROSS- -C CULTURAL WRONG RONG IZE IN ULTURAL S STUDY TUDY. . Rachna Raman 4 August 2015 1
PRIOR RESEARCH PRIOR RESEARCH Besson & Fa ta (1995) Behavioral & ERP study Musicians vs. Nonmusicians Familiar vs. Unfamiliar Western melodies ALWAYS the last note 3 types of wrong notes: in-key with no closure, out-of-key, rhythmic change 2
BESSON & FATA BESSON & FA TA Main effects of music training, familiarity, type of wrong note 3 Interaction
PILOT STUDY PILOT STUDY Dowling & students Purpose Effect of key membership, interval size, and direction on perception of wrong note Musical training 4
PILOT STUDY PILOT STUDY Stimuli 20 familiar Western tunes 80 trials Types of Wrong Notes Key: In-key/Out-of-key Interval: 1 ST/2 ST Direction: Up/Down 5
PILOT STUDY PILOT STUDY Participants Western Musically-trained (> 1 year; M = 5 years) Nonmusicians (< 1 yr) DV Hits, Response times 6
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS 95% hit rate Key and Interval important Out-of-key, 2 ST Direction not significant Musical training Main effect No interaction 7
CROSS CROSS- -CULTURAL CULTURAL 8
SOUTH INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC SOUTH INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC 9 Carn tic
WHY STUDY CARN WHY STUDY CARN TIC MUSIC?? TIC MUSIC?? 350 r gams vs. 13 Western modal scales C Db E F# G Ab B C (heptatonic) C D Eb F A B C (hexatonic) C Eb F G B C (pentatonic)10
CENTRAL QUESTION CENTRAL QUESTION To investigate effects of key membership, interval size, and direction cross-culturally pop out A complex music system r gams Carn tic vs. Western melodies Indian vs. Western participants Musical training 11
CURRENT STUDY CURRENT STUDY 12
PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS 30 Indian 33 Western Teachers Students Rasik s Highly-trained musicians Moderately-trained musicians Nonmusicians 17 63 years 18 60 years 13
PRE PRE- -TEST TEST 36 Carn tic & 37 Western popular melodies All with lyrics MIDI stimuli Excerpt duration 15 s approx. Familiarity ratings from Indian participants 9-point Likert scale ( 9 - highly familiar) 14
PRE PRE- -TEST TEST Indian participants Highly familiar 6 Carn tic and 6 Western melodies 6.7 to 8.6 (Carn tic) 8.2 to 8.6 (Western) Western participants 8.0 to 9.0 (Western) 15
WRONG NOTES WRONG NOTES Trials Key: In-key/Out-of-key Interval: 1 ST/2 ST Direction: Up/Down 3 practice trials 48 total trials; 8/song approx. Counterbalance for Indian participants 16
TASK TASK Example: London bridge Press spacebar as quickly as possible when you hear a wrong note 17
I INDIAN NDIAN P PARTICIPANTS ARTICIPANTS ARN TIC TICVS VS. W . WESTERN C CARN ESTERN M RT RT MELODIES ELODIES 18 Key membership*, Interval size* Type of Melody x Key x Interval*
I INDIAN NDIAN P PARTICIPANTS ARTICIPANTS ARN TIC TICVS VS. W . WESTERN C CARN ESTERN M RT RT MELODIES ELODIES 19 Music Training*, Type of Melody*
I INDIAN NDIAN P PARTICIPANTS ARTICIPANTS ARN TIC TICVS VS. W . WESTERN H HITS C CARN ESTERN M ITS MELODIES ELODIES 20 Key membership*, Interval size* Type of Melody x Key x Interval*
I INDIAN NDIAN P PARTICIPANTS ARTICIPANTS ARN TIC TICVS VS. W . WESTERN H HITS C CARN ESTERN M ITS MELODIES ELODIES 21 Music Training*, Type of Melody*
I INDIAN NDIANVS VS. W . WESTERN ESTERN P PARTICIPANTS W WESTERN ESTERN M MELODIES ELODIES RT RT ARTICIPANTS 22 Key membership*, Interval size* Key x Interval ns
I INDIAN NDIANVS VS. W . WESTERN ESTERN P PARTICIPANTS W WESTERN ESTERN M MELODIES ELODIES RT RT ARTICIPANTS 23 Music Training* Nationality of Participants ns
I INDIAN NDIANVS VS. W . WESTERN ESTERN P PARTICIPANTS W WESTERN ESTERN M MELODIES ELODIES H HITS ITS ARTICIPANTS 24 Key membership ns, Interval size* Key x Interval*
I INDIAN NDIANVS VS. W . WESTERN ESTERN P PARTICIPANTS W WESTERN ESTERN M MELODIES ELODIES H HITS ITS ARTICIPANTS 25 Music Training* Nationality of Participants*
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 1 1 Key membership important Out-of-key Interval size important 2 ST away from the original note Faster with out-of-scale and 2 ST 26
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 2 2 Carn tic vs. Western melodies Indian participants faster and more accurate on Western melodies Slowest and least accurate with in-scale and 1 ST away (Carn tic) related to complexity of Carnatic music system 27
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FUTURE DIRECTIONS Currently working on Unfamiliar vs. Familiar melodies Converging evidence from other cultures Japanese and Persian melodies 28
THANK YOU THANK YOU Ashwin Ramesh Franco Sabatini Participants 29
QUESTIONS??? QUESTIONS??? 30
EARLIER STUDY EARLIER STUDY 37 popular Carn tic melodies chosen from online survey 80 trials 30 Indian participants Carn tic teachers, students, rasik s MIDI stimuli 31 Results: Teachers 30% hit rate
CONCLUSION CONCLUSION Conclusion Complexity of delivering Carn tic r gams and songs as MIDI Need highly familiar Carn tic melodies recognizable in MIDI format 32
