Natural Disasters: Fires, Lightning, and Volcanoes
Explore the causes and impacts of forest wildfires, lightning strikes, and volcanic eruptions. Learn about human contributions to wildfires and how to mitigate risks. Gain insights into the destructive power of natural phenomena in this comprehensive overview.
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Presentation Transcript
Fire It's going to be lit
Curriculum for Excellence: Health and Wellbeing across Learning Contributing member of society Responsible citizen Science Experiences & Outcomes develop curiosity and understanding of the environment and my place in the living, material and physical world express opinions and make decisions on social, moral, ethical, economic and environmental issues based upon sound understanding recognise the impact the sciences make on my life, the lives of others, the environment and on society
Forest & Wildfires 90% of all wildfires are started by humans arson, carelessness or lack of fire safety. These fires harm homes, agriculture, humans, and animals in their path. Wildfires can be caused by an accumulation of dead matter (leaves, twigs, and trees) that can create enough heat in some instances to spontaneously combust and ignite the surrounding area.
Forest & Wildfires A large wildfire is called a conflagration change weather conditions (air pressure, soil moisture, drier summers) conflagration and can be known to directly CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: South Wales: Between 2000 and 2008 there were over 55,000 recorded grass fires and nearly 550 forest fires in South Wales. Costing roughly 7 million per year in Fire and rescue time and resources.
Lightning occurs from electrical charges within clouds (-) and charges from the ground (+) connecting and, when large enough, creating a spark.
The positive charge concentrates to anything that sticks up on the ground Lightning fires mainly occur in open spaces outdoors where vegetation is set alight as temperatures can reach 27,000C During 2007-2011, U.S. local fire departments responded to an estimated average of 22,600 fires per year that were started by lightning. $451 million in direct property damage per year.
Volcanoes Volcanoes Active Dormant Extinct 'a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour and gas are, or have, erupted from the earth's crust'.
Many people think that lava is fire, however this is incorrect. Lava is liquid rock. It can cause fire by igniting vegetation by heat. Both active and dormant volcanos can produce 'lava bombs' which are large pieces of molten rock that are 'spat' out During the eruption of Mauna Ulu volcano in Hawaii between 1970- 1972 Naulu Forest was almost completely destroyed by fire caused by lava flows.
References Climate change: Impacts and Adaptation in England's Woodlands[Online] Available: http://www.forestry.gov.uk/PDF/FCRN201.pdf/$FILE/FCRN201.pdf [Accessed: 30 October 2016]. Eruptions and Fires (2002) [Online] Available: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/archive/2002/02_06_06.html [Accessed: 2 November 2016] How Forest Fires affect air quality (n.d.) [Online] Available:http://www.bcairquality.ca/topics/forest-fires-air-quality.html[Accessed: 30 October 2016]. Lightning Fire and Lightning Strikes (2013) [Online] Available: http://www.nfpa.org/news- and-research/fire-statistics-and-reports/fire-statistics/fire-causes/lightning-fires-and- lightning-strikes [Accessed: 2nd November 2016]
References What causes lightning? (n.d) [Online] Available: http://www.planet- science.com/categories/over-11s/natural-world/2012/06/what-causes- lightning.aspx [Accessed: 2nd November 2016] 11 Facts About Wildfires (n.d.) [Online] Available:https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about- wildfires[Accessed: 30 October 2016]. 11 Facts About Volcanoes (n.d) [Online] Available: https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about- volcanoes [Accessed: 2 November 2016]
