NCLB Policy Ideas Origin & Rise in Education Reform Movement
Explore the origins and key policy ideas of NCLB presented by the Bush team, including the rise of the standards-based reform movement and the emphasis on assessments, standards, and accountability in education. Learn about the evolution of education policies through assessments, AYP standards, and accountability measures that shaped the education landscape.
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Presentation Transcript
Origins of the Key Policy Ideas of NCLB Presented by the Bush Team: Jennifer Brodar, Stephanie Fakharzadeh, Sol Bee Jung, Kerry O'Grady, and Chris Wrightson
Rise of the standards-based reform movement A Nation at Risk (Reagan Education Secretary Bell s National Commission on Excellence in Education in 1983) President George H.W. Bush s 1989 education summit with the nation s governors in Charlottesville, VA Bush s America 2000 inclusion of voluntary national testing (1991) Passage of Clinton Goals 2000 of 1994 1994 5-year reauthorization of ESEA (ending July 2000) or the Improving America s Schools Act Title I and performance standards Adequate yearly progress requirement Debates around school choice/portability/flexibility BUSH campaign
Key Policy Idea 1: Assessments Standards-based testing High-stakes testing BUSH/KRESS Bush, as governor, annualized testing in reading and math in grades 3-8 and implemented high stakes testing starting from grade 10 NAEP/ national testing NCLB required grade 3-8 annual testing and 4th and 8th grade NAEP participation MILLER (Democrat-House) continued to push to make it more difficult for states to opt out of NAEP (against Boehner s NAEP opt-out provision)
Key Policy Idea 2: Standards AYP (school, district, state) AYP first became law in 1994 1999 Student Results Act (H.R. 2) Left the determination of what constitute AYP up to the local agencies and states Required annual numerical goals for improving performance of all groups Required that a certain percent of students be proficient on all state assessment in ten years
Key Policy Idea 3: Accountability Report cards 1999 Student Results Act (H.R. 2) Separate comparison of performance and progress of students by subgroups Corrective action for failing schools; 2-year identification for school improvement and consequences MILLER pushed for tightening regulations regarding AYP Key Policy Idea 3A: Choice NCLB includes: public school choice, funding for charter school creation/school restructuring; flexible Title I spending NEW DEMOCRATS/LIEBERMAN s Three R s: Public Education Reinvestment, Reinvention, and Responsibility (S. 2254) S.2 included Straight A s, teacher training-class size reduction consolidation, H.R. 2, public school choice (1999)
Key Policy Idea 3B: Funding Performance-based funding/Title I 1998 think group meetings convened by GORTON and LIEBERMAN 1999 ROTHERHAM s white paper Toward Performance-Based Federal Education Funding NEW DEMOCRATS Student Results Act (H.R. 2) Block grants/categorical grants Greater flexibility in choosing how states and districts spend federal dollars Academic Achievement for All Act (Straight A s) 106TH CONGRESS/REPUBLICANS Block grant approach, flexible spending BUSH Pushed for local flexibility in federal dollar spending in campaign GREGG/CONSERVATIVE REPUBLICANS pushed for larger block grants (+vouchers, which never made it into NCLB)
