Neospora caninum: A Fatal Protozoal Infection in Animals
Neospora caninum is a newly recognized apicomplexan parasite causing fatal infections in dogs and other animals. This protozoal infection involves definitive and intermediate hosts, with a complex life cycle that includes sporozoites and oocysts. Understanding the transmission and stages of Neospora caninum is crucial in veterinary parasitology research.
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Bihar Animal Sciences University | Neospora caninum Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR HoD HoD Department of Veterinary Parasitology Department of Veterinary Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Image source: Google image
Neospora caninum o Neospora caninum is a newly recognized fatal apicomplexan protozoal infection of dogs and other animals. o It It is is a a parasite parasite. . heteroxenous heteroxenous
Neospora caninum o Definitive Definitive (Final (Final ) ) host host: :- - Dog Dog o Intermediate Intermediate host host : :- - Ruminates, Ruminates, horse horse and and dog dog. .
Neospora caninum Each Each contains contains two each each sporocyst sporocyst contains sporozoites sporozoites. . sporulated sporulated two sporocysts sporocysts and contains four oocyst oocyst and four Sporulation Sporulation occurs the the host host. . occurs outside outside
Life-cycle of Neospora caninum o Tachyzoites are found in neural cells, fibroblast, macrophages and other cells of body whereas bradyzoite (tissue found only in neural tissues (brain, spinal cord and retina). cyst) are o Bradyzoites are the infective stage for definitive host (dog). o Tissue cysts infected unsporulated become sporulate environment. (bradyzoits) dogs oocysts shed which in
Life-cycle of Neospora caninum Each sporulated oocyst of Neospora contains two sporocysts and each sporocyst with four sporozoites. caninum Intermediate hosts may get infection by ingestion of food contaminated Neospora sporulated oocysts. and water with caninum
Life-cycle of Neospora caninum Tachyzoites caninum transmitted from infected mother to foetus in cattle, sheep and goat. of has Neospora been Neonatal calves may also get infection through the ingestion of containing colostrum. tachyzoites milk and
Life-cycle of Neospora caninum Transplacental transmission is the only proven transmission in dogs. route of Unlike exposure of animals prior to pregnancy prevent transplacental infection subsequent pregnancies. toxoplasmosis, fails to during
Life Life- - cycle of cycle of Neospora Neospora caninum caninum Image source: Google image
Symptoms of Neospora caninum Clinical paralysis paralysis swallowing and paralysis of jaw, retinitis, encephalomyelitis, myositis etc. Transplacentally infected pups develop severe neuromuscular disease. symptoms of of include limbs limbs, difficulty ascending ascending hind hind in Image source: Google image
Treatment of Neospora caninum Treatment Treatment: : o Drugs Drugs used are are Sulfadiazine, Sulfadiazine, Pyrimethamine used in Clindamycin, Clindamycin, Pyrimethamine etc in the the treatment treatment of of Neosporosis Neosporosis Trimethoprim Trimethoprim etc. . + + Vaccination Vaccination: : o Bovilis Bovilis commercially commercially available killed killed tachyzoites tachyzoites which pregnant pregnant hosts hosts. . and and Neoguard Neoguard vaccines containing which reduce reduce abortion are are containing abortion in the the available vaccines in
Types of oocysts Genus Genus Types of Types of oocysts oocysts Sporogony Sporogony Eimeria spp. Tetrasporocystic bisporozoic sporocysts sporocyst contains two sporozoites) Out side the host (four each and Isospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis and Neospora spp. Bisporocystic tetrasporozoic sporocysts sporocyst contains four sporozoites) Outside host Sarcocystis spp. the (two each except and Cryptosporidium spp. Asporocystic tetrasporozoic (four naked sporozoites) Inside host the
