Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Essential for Diagnosis & Drug Design
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful tool used in medicine for diagnosis and drug development. This technology works by analyzing the behavior of atomic nuclei in a magnetic field, providing valuable insights into the structure and composition of molecules. By understanding the basic principles, different techniques, and applications of NMR in various medical fields such as brain imaging, liver disease detection, kidney evaluation, and more, researchers can make significant advancements in healthcare. NMR has revolutionized the way diseases are diagnosed and treatments are designed, making it an indispensable tool in modern healthcare practices.
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Presentation Transcript
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY -an ideal tool for Diagnosis & Drug Design B. HASEENA BANU Asst.Professor,SriPadmavathi School of Pharmacy,Tiruchanoor,Tirupati
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS DRUG DEVELOPMENT NMR Nobel prize laureates
INTRODUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLE IN NMR Atomic nuclei tiny magnets In external magnetic field - allign or oppose If irradiated with EMR of proper frequency Resonance o PARAMETERS Chemical shifts Spin lattice relaxation time
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES Based on nuclei H1 NMR C13 NMR F13 NMR & P31 NMR N15 NMR & O17 NMR CWNMR FTNMR 2D_NMR &3D_NMR COSY _CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY MRI_MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ESR_ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN MEDICINE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PROTON IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS BRAIN Distinguishing gray matter & white matter Imaging posterior fossae, brain stem, spinal cord Detect demyelinating lesions, tumors, hemorrhages, infarctions
ABDOMEN o Metabolic liver disease o Measures liver iron over load in hemochromatosis o Focal areas of inflammation in chronic active hepatisis KIDNEYS o Distinguishing renal cortex & medulla o To evaluate transplanted kidney PELVIS o Differentiates between Benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostatic carcinoma o Detects bladder tumours
MEDIASTINUM, HILUM, LUNG o Assessing abnormalities o Respiratory gating HEART o Tomographic images of heart muscle, chambers, valvular structures o ECHO-PLANAR TECHNIQUE o Discrimination between infarcted, ischemic & normal myocardium BREAST o 3D-NMR & single-slice planar imaging in detecting breast abnormalities
MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM Demonstrates Osteo myelitis, tumor metastasis in vertebral bodies & pelvic bones Images of muscles, tendons, ligaments BLOOD VESSELS & FLOW Atherosclerotic vascular disease Assess blood flow in major vessels. INVIVO SPECTROSCOPY Chemical shift phenomenon Diagnosis of rare disease to inborn errors- Mc Ardle s syndrome INVIVO Analysis of Bone flouride content.
PUTTING NMR IMAGING INTO PERSPECTIVE Eliminates risk of x-radiation Excellent spatial & contrast resolution Detecting diseases at earlier stages
NMR IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH Leading technology for 3-D structure determination of bio-macromolecules Studying protein structure SAR by NMR Novel lead compounds Chemical shift mapping Structural information on the binding modes and site positions Molecular dynamics, conformational analysis SHAPES NMR SOLVE
Structural genomics Identifying gene products in disease Targets of drug design. Development of Novel drug delivery systems Enhancing HTS assays Thousands of compounds Cryogenic NMR technology / cryoprobes
NMR Nobel Prize Laureates The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943, Ohostern, USA Discovery of magnetic moment of proton The Nobel Prizein Physics 1952- IsidorJ. Rafi,USA Discovery of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 Felix Bloch, USA and Edward M. Purcell, USA Methodology of high resolution NMR. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 Kurt Wuthrich, Switzerland Determining 3-D Structure by NMR. The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003 Paul C. Lauterbur, USA and Peter Mans field, U.K. Discoveries concerning MRI.
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