OLD TESTAMENT
Delve into the impactful messages of Isaiah, exploring themes of justice, grace, and redemption. Discover the prophetic visions, historical context, and significant prophecies within the book. Uncover the relevance of Isaiah's teachings for today's world and the enduring hope offered through faith.
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OLD TESTAMENT PART 4
ISAIAH AUTHOR: Isaiah. He is referred to 13 times in 2 Kings. He ministered for up to 60 years. Tradition says he was martyred. RECIPIENTS: Judah and Jerusalem. Chapters 1-39 seem to address a different audience. Have a difference theological emphasis. Has a more flowing and poetic style DATE: 758-698 BC PURPOSE: Turn back to God or be driven from the land. Even though dispersed Jews have a future ahead through their Messiah.
THEME: The justice and grace of God. NOTE: 194 passages contain allusion to verses from 54 of Isaiah s 66 chapters. Isaiah has influenced the NT more than any other OT book. Quotes in the NT identify four main categories: Messianic prophecies Eschatological (salvation history and the last things) The Christian life or to teach doctrine Parallels between events or Israel s conduct in the OT and in the NT (Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament, p. 205)
KEY PHRASE: The Holy One of Israel (28 times) CONTEMPORARIES: Jonah, Amos and Hosea all prophesied at the same time in north and Micah in the south. OUTLINE: Chapters 1-35 Prophetical: condemnation Chapters 36-39 Historical: Hezekiah Chapters 40-66 Prophetical: Consolation
SIX WOES ON ISRAEL Isaiah 5 1. LAND GRABBERS (vv. 8-10) 2. DRUNKARDS (vv. 11-17) 3. DECEIVERS (vv. 18-19) 4. PERVERTERS OF MORAL DISTINCTIONS (v. 20) 5. CONCEITED (v. 21) 6. DRUNKEN JUDGES (vv. 22-25)
Isaiah saw 3 things that changed his life!! The Lord (6:1-4) Himself (6:5-7) The need (6:8)
Christs Reign During Kingdom Age 1. The Spirit of the Lord will be on Him (v. 2). 2. He will judge impartially and righteously (vv. 3-4a). 3. He will destroy the wicked (vv. 4b-5). 4. The curse on creation will diminish (vv. 6-9a)
5. The earth will be full of the knowledge of God (v. 9b). 6. The nations will turn to Christ (v. 10). 7. Israel will return to the Lord (vv. 11- 13). 8. Israel will conquer and subdue their enemies (vv. 14-16).
Coming Judgments on the Nations Assyria (10:5-19; 14:24-27) Babylon (13:1-22; 21:1-9) Philistia (14:28-32) Moab (15:1-16:14) Damascus (17:1-14) The capitol of Aram Cush (18:1-7) Egypt (19:1-15) (Yet God will one day bring Egypt to Himself (19:16-25)
Coming Judgments on the Nations (cont d) Dumah (21:11-12) Arabia (21:13-17) Judah (22:1-25; 28:14-22) Tyre and Sidon (23:1-18) The whole earth (24:1-23) Israel (28:1-13)
MAP DURING ISAIAH S TIME
The SUFFERING and TRIUMPHANT SERVANT Isaiah 52 52:13-15 Pre-eminence of the SERVANT 53:1-3 Person of the SERVANT 53:4-6 Passion of the SERVANT 53:7-9 Passivity of the SERVANT 53:10-12 Portion of the SERVANT
Characteristics of the KINGDOM Isaiah 65 Joy (verse 19) Longevity (verse 20) Peace and Security (verses 21-23) Peace in Nature (verse 25)
THE END TIMES 2ND COMING OF CHRIST SATAN LOOSED RAPTURE PENTECOST CHURCH AGE ETERNAL STATE 7 YRS. MILLENNIAL KINGDOM TRIBULATION JUDGMENT SEAT OF CHRIST GREAT WHITE THRONE JUDGMENT SATAN THROWN INTO LAKE OF FIRE
THE WORLDS LAST TWO BATTLES HEAVEN RAPTURE REVELATION GREAT WHITE THRONE JUDGMENT GREAT TRIBULATION EARTH MILLENNIUM 3 years 3 years Battle of Armageddon Battle of Gog and Magog
JEREMIAH AUTHOR:Jeremiah unpopular prophecies RECIPIENTS:Mainly Judah and Jerusalem DATE OF WRITING:626-560 BC. Josiah Zedekiah 26 years in Egypt PURPOSE:To warn nation of Judah of coming destruction. THEME:Sin of Judah brings about Babylonian captivity.
Gods equipping & Jeremiah s Response JEREMIAH 1 GOD S DESCRIPTION: God had planned Jeremiah s ministry. God had set Jeremiah apart before he was born. God had appointed Jeremiah as a prophet. JEREMIAH S RESPONSE: I do not know how to speak. I am but a youth.
Object Lessons in Jeremiah Ruined waistband Israel s pride destroyed. Potter s house God can make useful. Earthenware jar Too late for Judah. Figs Restoration and rejection of Jews. Bonds and Yokes Babylon would rule the nations. Large stones Nebuchadnezzar would rule Egypt. Scroll thrown into river Babylon would sink and never rise again.
THE NEW COVENANT Guarantees Israel God will restore them, give them a new heart, put His Law on their hearts, teach them His ways and forgive their sins. In addition there will be physical blessings. Jeremiah 30-33
THE NEW COVENANT Provisions New mind and heart Jeremiah 31:33 Restore favor and blessings of God Jeremiah 31:33; Hosea 2:19,20 Forgiveness of Sin Jeremiah 31:34 Indwelling of Holy Spirit Jeremiah 31:33; 2 Cor. 3:3-6
THE NEW COVENANT Material blessing Jeremiah 32:41; Ezekiel 36:24, 26 Sanctuary rebuilt Ezekiel 37:26, 28 War will cease, peace will reign Isaiah 2:4
THE NEW COVENANT Character Eternal Jeremiah 31:26 Depend on God Jeremiah 31:33 Unconditional Covenant Jeremiah 31:31-32
JUDGMENT ON THE NATIONS Egypt (46) Philistia (47) Moab (48) Moab (49:1-22) Damascus (49:23-27) Kedar and Hazor (49:28-33) Elam (49:34-39) Babylon (50-51)
Lamentations1 LAMENTATIONS LAMENTATIONS Author: Author: Probably Jeremiah Recipients: Recipients: Judah & Jerusalem, Edom, all who observe the destruction of Jerusalem, the Lord. Date: Date: About 586 BC Purpose: Purpose: Tells sorrow in prophet s heart over destruction of Jerusalem. Theme: Theme: Lament over desolation of Jerusalem. Title: Title: Lamentations to cry aloud.
OUTLINE OF LAMENTATIONS The affliction and miseries of Jerusalem (chap. 1). The destruction of Zion a judgment from the Lord (chap. 2). The suffering of the prophet (chap. 3). Present desolation contrasted to past splendor (chap. 4). An appeal to God for mercy (chap. 5).
NATURE OF GOD His lovingkindness never ceases (vv. 22a, 32). His mercies never come to an end (v. 22b). His mercies are new every morning (v. 23a). His faithfulness is great (v. 23b). The Lord is his portion (v. 24a).
NATURE OF GOD (Contd) The Lord is good to those who seek & wait on Him (vv. 25-26) The Lord will not cast off forever (v. 31) The Lord does not willingly afflict men or treat them unjustly (vv. 33-36) The Lord is sovereign (vv. 37-38).
In application Jeremiah says: They have no right to complain (vv. 39, 42-47) They should test their ways and repent (v. 40). They should praise God (v. 41). They should grieve over the punishment that has come (vv. 48-51).
JEREMIAH: Prophet mainly to the Jews in Jerusalem, before the city fell. DANIEL: Prophet mainly to the court of King Nebuchadnezzar, in Babylonia. EZEKIEL: Prophet mainly to the exiled in Babylon, before and after the fall of Jerusalem. Ezekiel was the prophet of the captivity.
EZEKIEL EZEKIEL
EZEKIEL AUTHOR: Ezekiel RECIPIENTS: Children of Judah DATE: Ezekiel prophesied at least 22 years (593-571 BC). PURPOSE: Prophesy of fall and future restoration of Judah. THEME: Captivity glorious restoration. KEY WORD: Son of Man 91 times.
Object Lessons in Ezekiel 1. Eating a scroll (3:1-3) sweetness of yielding to God s will. 2. The besieged brick (4:1-3) Jerusalem will be besieged. 3. Lying on his side (4:4-8) the years of Israel s and Judah s captivity. 4. Bread and water (4:9-17) famine during the seige. 5. Shaved head (5:1-12) destruction of the Jews. 6. Baggage (12:1-6) Judah to go into exile.
Object Lessons in Ezekiel 7. Anxious eating (12:17-20) Judah will go into captivity. 8. Wild vine (15:1-8) Judah is useless. 9. Boiling pot (24:1-14) the destruction of Jerusalem. 10. Ezekiel s wife s death (24:15-24) silent mourning for Jerusalem coming 11. Valley of dry bones (37:1-14) revival of Israel 12. Joining of 2 sticks (37:15-28) reuniting of Judah & Israel.
FOUR ABOMINATIONS 1. In the inner court sat an image of jealousy (vv. 3b-6). 2. Idolatrous engraving on the wall (vv. 7-10), and 70 elders of Judah worshiping these engravings (vv. 11-13). They believe the Lord does not see what they are doing for he has forsaken the land (v. 13). 3. At the north gate he sees women weeping for Tammuz (vv. 14-15). 4. At the entrance to the temple he finds men worshipping the sun (v. 16).
Object Lessons in Ezekiel 1. Eating a scroll (3:1-3) sweetness of yielding to God s will. 2. The besieged brick (4:1-3) Jerusalem will be besieged. 3. Lying on his side (4:4-8) the years of Israel s and Judah s captivity. 4. Bread and water (4:9-17) famine during the seige. 5. Shaved head (5:1-12) destruction of the Jews. 6. Baggage (12:1-6) Judah to go into exile.
Object Lessons in Ezekiel 7. Anxious eating (12:17-20) Judah will go into captivity. 8. Wild vine (15:1-8) Judah is useless. 9. Boiling pot (24:1-14) the destruction of Jerusalem. 10. Ezekiel s wife s death (24:15-24) silent mourning for Jerusalem coming 11. Valley of dry bones (37:1-14) revival of Israel 12. Joining of 2 sticks (37:15-28) reuniting of Judah & Israel.
Judgment against Gentile Nations Ammon (25:1-7) Moab and Seir (25:8-11) Edom (25:12-14) Philistia (25:15-17) Tyre (26:1-28:19) Sidon (28:20-24) Egypt (29:1-32:21)
A Description of Satan Ezekiel 28 1. He was perfect (verse 12). 2. He was in Eden (verse 13). 3. He was the anointed cherub (verse 14). 4. He was blameless (verse 15).
Israel Brought Back Home Cleanse them of their sins (v. 25) Give them a new heart (v. 26) Put His Spirit within them (v. 27a) Cause them to live in obedience (v. 27b) They will dwell in the Promised Land (v. 28a) They will be God s people (v. 28b) They will have abundant harvests (vv. 29-30) They will repent of their sins (v. 31) Israel will be rebuilt (vv. 33-37).
The Lord Reunites Israel & Judah 1. He will reunite Israel and Judah (vv. 17-19, 22), 2. King David will rule over them (vv. 22, 24), 3. The Lord will be their God (v. 23), 4. The Lord will make an everlasting covenant of peace with them (v. 26), 5. God s sanctuary will be in their midst forevermore (v. 26), 6. The nations will know that God is the Lord.
DANIEL AUTHOR: Daniel (God is my judge) lived during reigns of Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Darius and Cyrus. A captive in Babylon. RECIPIENTS: Not stated especially intended for consolation of the nation of Israel. DATE: Covers about 72 years (606-534 BC). PURPOSE: Reveals the power and wisdom of God in the government of the world to the end of days.
