Operations Research: Definition, Objectives, and Phases Explained
Operations research, also known as operational research, is a scientific approach applied to manage military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes. This field focuses on decision-making, improving analysis objectivity, and optimizing solutions to minimize costs and maximize profits. The content covers the definition of operations research, its objectives, and the phases involved, including the Judgment Phase, Research Phase, and Action Phase. It highlights how operations research provides quantitative information to aid executives in problem-solving and decision-making. Explore the scope of operations research in agriculture, addressing issues like land allocation and water distribution for better crop production effectiveness.
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Padmavani Arts And Science College For Women, Padmavani Arts And Science College For Women, Salem,TamilNadu Salem,TamilNadu S.Uma M.Sc, M.Phil, [ Ph.D ] Assistant Professor &Head Department of Statistics Padmavani Arts And Science College For Women, Salem 11 Subject Name: Operations Research
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS RESEARCH INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS RESEARCH Operations research, also called operational research is the application of scientific methods to the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes. In the 19th century the industrial revolution involved mechanization or replacement of human by machine as a source of physical work. Study and improvement of such work formed the basis of the field of industrial engineering. Operations research applies the scientific method to the study of mental work and provides the knowledge and understanding required to make effective use of personnel and machines to carry it out.
Objectives Objectives Decision making & improve its quality. Identify optimum solution. Improve the objectivity of analysis. Minimize the cost & maximize the profit. Improve the productivity.
DEFINITION: DEFINITION: Operations Research is a scientific approach to problem solving for executive management. In other words, O.R. is an aid for executive in making his decisions by providing him with the needed quantitative information s based on the scientific method of analysis.
PHASES OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH PHASES OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH (i) Judgment Phase: Determination of operation. Determination of objectives. Determination of effectiveness of measures. Determination of type of problem, its origin and causes. (ii) Research Phase: Observation and data collection for better understanding of the problem. Formulation of relevant hypothesis and models. Analysis of available information and verification of hypothesis. Production and generation of results and consideration of alternatives. (iii) Action Phase: Recommendations for remedial action to those who first posed the problem, this includes the assumptions made, scope and limitations, alternative courses of action and their effect. Putting the solution to work for implementation
SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH In agriculture With the sudden increase of population and resulting shortage of food, every country is facing the problem of Optimum allocation of land to a variety of crops as per the climatic conditions Optimum distribution of water from numerous resources like canal for irrigation purposes Hence there is a requirement of determining best policies under the given restrictions. Therefore, a good quantity of work can be done in this direction.
SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH In finance In these recent times of economic crisis, it has become very essential for every government to do a careful planning for the economic progress of the country. OR techniques can be productively applied: To determine the profit plan for the company. To maximize the per capita income with least, amount of resources. To decide on the best replacement policies, etc.
SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH In industry If the industry manager makes his policies simply on the basis of his past experience and a day approaches when he gets retirement, then a serious loss is encounter ahead of the industry. This heavy loss can be right away compensated through appointing a young specialist of OR techniques in business management. Thus OR is helpful for the industry director in deciding optimum distribution of several limited resources like men, machines, material, etc. to reach at the optimum decision.
SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH SCOPE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH In marketing With the assistance of OR techniques a marketing administrator can decide upon Where to allocate the products for sale so that the total cost of transportation is set to be minimum. The minimum per unit sale price. The size of the stock to come across with the future demand How to choose the best advertising media with respect to cost, time etc? How, when and what to buy at the minimum likely cost?
ADVANTAGES OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH ADVANTAGES OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Advantages: It compels the decision maker to be quite explicit about his objective, assumptions and his perspective to constraints. It makes the decision maker to view carefully about what variables influence the decisions. Quickly points out gaps in the data required to support workable solutions to a problem. Its models can be solved by a computer; thus the management can get enough time for decisions that require quantitative approach.
