Oregon's Efforts in Crash Data Linkage for Public Health Improvement

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Josh, a Research Coordinator and Data Scientist at Oregon Department of Transportation, leads research to enhance active and sustainable transportation. The project aims to link EMS and ODOT crash data to improve reporting of bicycle and pedestrian injuries, understand racial representation in crashes, and integrate data elements for better cost estimation and policy decisions. The background highlights persistent road safety issues, unequal outcomes in crash rates, and certain groups being more at risk due to travel choices. The data linkage overview emphasizes past measures and the need for accurate crash data analysis for informed decision-making.

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Presentation Transcript

Crash Data Linkage Oregon Public Health Association Conference 10/13/2020

Introduction What does Josh do? Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Research Unit Fund, coordinate, conduct research Official Role Research Coordinator and Data Scientist Active and Sustainable Transportation Research Coordinator Bicycle and pedestrian area - Travel behavior - Travel monitoring - Safety analysis - Health impact analysis - Emissions reduction Other areas include - Life-cycle cost analysis - Data standard development - Big data analytics

Background Persistence of a Problem Vehicle safety has reduced risk Driving more than ever Vehicles getting heavier Intoxication of road users Pedestrian injuries on the rise 3

Background Unequal Outcomes Tracts with more poor and non- white people have higher crash rates 4

Background Captive Travelers Some groups more likely to walk or take transit due to cost to drive Source: National Household Travel Survey 2017. 5

Project Description Link EMS & ODOT Crash Data Understand the technical feasibility of linkage ODOT Data EMS Data Primary Objectives Under reporting of bicycle and pedestrian injuries (and all injury crashes) Understand racial representation of crash participants Linkage Process Longer Term Goals Integrate relevant data and data elements like race and injury severity, among others Better estimate of costs of crashes, especially Oregon Health Plan members Link with DMV data for better information on vehicles involved Linkage Results % Matched ODOT % Possible Matches ? % Not Matched 6

Data Linkage Overview Past Crash Data Linkage Measure seatbelt & helmet policy cost effectiveness Improve injury severity accuracy Improve measures of toxicology and substance use in crashes EMS response time and crash outcomes Improve estimates of cost of crashes Account for injuries not reported through traditional channels Federal Support Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) - mostly went away in 2012/2013

Data Linkage Overview Probabilistic Probabilistic: Matching of partially identifying variables, which may not be unique. Using weights and standardize formulae to calculate match probability Data Element Linkage Element Type Data Type Date County City Zipcode Address Age Gender User_Type Hour Blocking Blocking General General General General General General General Temporal Spatial Spatial Spatial Spatial Participant Participant Participant Temporal Non-PII Approach Use elements available without act of Congress Help make the case for PII data elements PII-Approach Should improve match rate Linkage Software R statistical computing platform Packages include recline, RecordLinkage, & fastLink

Crash Data Reporting Guidelines Crashes involving death or bodily injury Damage of property over $2,500 (previously $1,500) Data Sources Police Reports DMV Driver Report Data Elements Location, time, injury severity, cause, participants involved, vehicles, plus hundreds more Effort Under Austerity ODOT Crash Data Unit does amazing work without enough resources

Crash Data ODOT Data Using participant data 2017 & 2018 data EMS Data Patient records 2017 & 2018 data Data Processing Cleaning of linkage elements (Re)Construct some geographic elements

Crash Data EMS Crash Records Reporting Increasing reporting rate will increase utility

Next Steps Perform Linkage with Non-PII Elements Measure missed bike/ped crash incidents Determine usability of race data element Work on PII data elements Perform Linkage with PII Elements Demonstrate improvement Report Release Summer 2021 Ideally setting the stage for ongoing linkage effort(s)