Organic Compound Structures & Functional Groups
Structure of organic compounds, mastering Lewis structures, identifying functional groups, and representing molecules in various ways. Dive into the basics of organic chemistry, learning about hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen bonding patterns. Practice drawing Lewis structures and understanding shapes and angles in molecules. Familiarize yourself with different representations of organic molecules and memorize key functional groups.
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CHE 102 Spring 2021 Lecture 19ab Structure of Organic Compounds Overview/Topics Skills to Master 1. Review Lewis Structures a. Draw simple structures b. Shapes and angles 2. Representations of Organic Compounds a. Chemical Formula b. Condensed Structure c. Lewis Structure d. Line Structures 3. Identify Functional Groups 1. Memorize Functional Groups 2. Draw all types of organic molecules 3. HW 19 a,b Read Chapter 19.1-19.8 Extra Handout on chemhaven.org Line drawing Extra Handout on chemhave.org Review +
Stereoisomers CHE 102 - Overview Ch. 26 E5 E4 Chapter 19-25 Organic Chemistry 1. Draw Molecules 2. Name Molecules 3. Chemical Reactions 4. IMF and Physical Properties 5. Structure/Function Relationship 6. Misc. Chapter 27-31 Macromolecules 1. Draw Molecules 2. Chemical Reactions 3. IMF and Physical Properties 4. Structure/Function Relationship 5. Functions in the Body 6. Misc. E1 E2 E3 Ch. 32 - Nutrition E6 Chapter 33-35 Biochemistry 1. Bioenergetics 2. Identify Chemical Reactions 3. Structure/Function Relationship 4. Functions in the Body 5. Misc.
Organic Chemistry Dfn: Study of compounds made of C, H, O, N + a few others Functional Group o Unique group, common feature , similar P and C properties 12 groups (2/chapter) Can you: Memorize Table 19.1 Macromolecules
Hydrogen Carbon o EN = 2.1 (middle) o 1s1 = 1 valence e- o Exception to octet o C-H bonds = high energy o EN = 2 (middle) o 1s22s22p2 = 4 valence e- o Wants to make 4 bonds o Variety of bonding patterns o Stable Bonds H C C C C Nitrogen Oxygen o EN = 3.0 (middle) o 1s22s22p3 = 5 valence e- o Wants to make 3 bonds o Variety of bonding patterns o EN = 3.5 o 1s22s22p4 = 6 valence e- o Wants to make 2 bonds o C-O bonds = low energy +1 O O N N N N Can you: Draw Lewis Structures
Review Lewis Structures Hein Ch. 11 Lab 11 OER Ch. 1 Lab 21 Lewis Structure Review # atoms Bonded # lone pair e- lone-pair electrons F F O O N N Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond 2 +1 H O H N H O C O H Polyatomic Ions Can you: Determine shape/angle
Representations of Organic Molecules Type Definition Example Molecular Actual Composition No structure C4H10 Empirical Ratio Elements No structure CnH2n+2 Condensed Little structure CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3(CH2)2CH3 Modified Cond. Little structure Lewis Structure All Information! Takes forever Ball and Stick, Space Filling, 3D Awesome! Never gonna happen https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.ni h.gov/compound/Butane#sec tion=3D-Conformer Line Drawing Fast, make assumptions Can you: Be comfortable with multiple representations
Dont need to know these! Representations of Organic Molecules H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H SMILES CCCCCCCC IUPAC NAME Octane Tomorrow! 1S/C8H18/c1-3-5-7-8-6-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3 InChi TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChiKey
Condensed Structures Line Structures o Carbon grouped with atoms bonded to it o ( ) = repeated group in main chain o ( ) = side chain o Carbon = end/vertex o Don t show H o Zig/Zag Shape/Angle CH3(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H C H H H H H H H C H H Tips/Tricks Count to 4 read L to R Practice! Can you: Lewis Cond. Line
You Try It: Lewis Structure Cond. Structure Line Structure
You Try It: Lewis Structure Cond. Structure Line Structure CH3CHBr(CH2)2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3
You Try It: Lewis Structure Cond. Structure Line Structure
More information about Table 19.1 Ch. 19 Ch. 20 Ch. 19 R = rest of molecule X = any halogen Ch. 22 Ch. 23 Ch. 24 Ch. 25
Lewis Condensed Line Name Alkanes Alkyl Halide Alkenes Alkynes Aromatic
Lewis Condensed Line Name Alcohols Ethers Aldehydes Ketones
Lewis Condensed Line Name Carboxylic Acid Ester Amine Amide
You Try It: Line Structure Lewis Structure Cond. Structure
You Try It: Line Structure Lewis Structure Cond. Structure
Extra Tuesday 1. Handout Drawing Molec. 2. Handout Review + Ch. 19 3. Links Drawing Molec. 4. EP on Condensed/Lewis/Line 5. EP on Naming 1. Read Lab 20 Review of LS Wednesday 1. Read 19.8-19.1 2. Memorize Table 19.9 (left side) 3. Due: HW 19 a,b Thursday 1. Finish Lab 20 2. Due: Lab 20 Friday 1. No class 2. Due: HW 19 c,d
