Organization Structure in eSports Management

ESM3401 English for eSports Management 1 Chapter 5 Organization Structure

OVERVIEW Organization Structure Speaking Listening Vocabulary Reading Writing

Vocabulary

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE VOCABULARY Centralization (N) : occurs when only a select few people at the top of an organization make the decisions Decentralization (N) : occurs when decisions are made by the individuals who are the closest to the problem; more conducive to making changes in a process Departmentalization (N) : the grouping of individuals into departments based on work functions, product or service, target market, geographic territory and process used to create products Functional Departmentalization (N) : groups activities with similar functions by units or departments; can be used in all types of organizations Product Departmentalization (N) : divides the organization by the products or services it produces and then subdivides each department by its function Target Market Departmentalization (N) : groups activities around common customer categories; uses the assumption that customers in each department have a common set of problems and needs can be met by having specialists for each

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE VOCABULARY Geographic Departmentalization (N) :divides activities into segments based on location; mainly used when an organization's customers are spread over a large geographic area Process Departmentalization (N) : groups activities based on work or customer flow; provides a basis for the homogeneous categorizing of activities Team-based Structure (N) : consists entirely of work groups and teams which perform an organization's work; allows team members to have authority to make the decisions which will affect them Boundaryless Organization (N) : not defined or limited by boundaries or categories imposed by a traditional structure; blurs boundaries surrounding an organization by increasing its interdependence with its environment Learning Organizations (N) : have developed a capacity to continuously adapt and change because members take an active role in identifying and resolving work-place issues; employees must collaborate on work activities throughout the organization

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

WHAT IS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization. These activities can include rules, roles, and responsibilities. The organizational structure determines how information flows between levels within the company. For example, in a centralized structure, decisions flow from the top down, while in a decentralized structure, decision-making power is distributed among various levels of the organization.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE KEY ELEMENTS Key elements of an organizational structure include how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization, such as rules, roles, responsibilities, and how information flows between levels within the company.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CHART Organizational structures are normally illustrated in some sort of chart or diagram like a pyramid, where the most powerful members of the organization sit at the top, while those with the least amount of power are at the bottom.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES Vertical functional And Divisional. ORGANIZATI ON STRUCTU RE Vertical And Horizontal matrix. Boundary-less Modular, Virtual And Cellular.

VERTICAL STRUCTURES (FUNCTIONAL AND DIVISIONAL)

MATRIX ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

OPEN BOUNDARY STRUCTURES Virtual organizations. Virtual organization (sometimes called a network structure) is cooperation among companies, institutions or individuals delivering a product or service under a common business understanding. Learning organizations. A learning organization is one whose design actively seeks to acquire knowledge and change behavior as a result of the newly acquired knowledge. In learning organizations, experimenting, learning new things, and reflecting on new knowledge are the norms.

LISTENING

LISTENING Essential Listening Skills Listening for The Main Idea: the overall ideas. Listening for Details: groups of words and phrases at sentence level. Listening for Specific Information: Particular information at word level. Predicting: guess key information contained in the recording before they listen. Inferring Meaning: identify the difference between what the speaker says and what they actually mean. Identifying Emotion: identify the mood of certain speakers. Listening for Opinions: identify the attitude of certain speakers. Inferring Relationships: identify who the people are in the recording and what the relationship is between them. Recognizing Context: aural and contextual clues to identify content

Main idea and Supportive Evidence The Topic, Main Idea, And Supporting Details Helps You Understand The Point The Writer Is Attempting To Express. MAIN IDEA SUPPORTI VE IDEA SUPPORTIVE IDEA is the DETAILS Described how, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. MAIN IDEA is the "KEY CONCEPT" being expressed

LISTENING STRATEGY PREDICTI ON STRATEG Y PRE - Listening WHIEL - Listening POST - Listening

LISTENING STREATEGY Prediction Strategy Pre-listening This is a very important stage for listening Key words, phrases or sentences they might expect to hear. The information or opinions While-listening While the students are listening they need to monitor their comprehension by Check the accuracy of their predictions. Deny some predictions and form new ones which may soon be denied again. Decide what is and is not important to understand.

LISTENING STREATEGY Post-listening These strategies might help the students to synthesize, interpret and evaluate what you are listen Check what predictions are correct/incorrect and helpful/useless, why. Consider what they heard and how it fits with what they know. Discuss the prediction strategy they used to listen how much did they benefit from it? Conclude how to make a better prediction next time.

Listening Strategy Listening for only the big picture but not the details and trying to understand every single word speaker says. Top-down listening Bottom-up listening Uses Background Knowledge And Contextualizes Words To Aid Comprehension Uses Sounds, Words, And Other Small Units To Create Meaning.

NOTE-TAKING STRATEGY Identifyling NOUN PHRASES They are made up of nouns which,ascontent words, contain the I mportant information Abbreviations and symbols e.g. for example i.e. that is no. number imp important w/o without sth somethings approx approximately info information Excl excluding Max maximum Poss posiibly Prob probably = equal to , as same as =/ not the same as / or >1 more than 1 -> lead to etc. and so on w/ with sb somebody Incl including Min minimum Re in reference to + and < 1 less than 1

LISTENING PRECTICE Why the secret to success is setting the right goals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4N1q4RNi9I

WRITING

Writing Introduction The first paragraph of your answer should be an introduction. For the introduction, you need to paraphrase the topic in your own words. It shouldn't be longer that 2 sentences. The + Flow Chart Picture Figure Diagram Process + Shows Illustrates Describes Presents Represents

Writing Overview You also need to state what the main trend or trends in the graph are. Don t give detail such as data here you are just looking for something that describes what is happening overall.

Writing bar graph Specific features It is important to note that you do not have to describe everything in the chart. Part of the task is picking out and describing only the relevant details. That usually means: The highest The lowest Major differences Anything interesting

Writing bar graph Specific features How to describe bar graphs Bar graphs transform the data into separate bars or columns. Generally, this type of visuals have categories on the x-axis and the numbers on the y-axis. So, you can compare statistical data between different groups. The words used to describe bar chart are pretty similar to ones used for the line charts. Let s have a look at the exam question to IELTS writing test, as it s one of the major English-language tests for non-native English speakers in the world:

Describing Trends Upward trend Verb Rise Increase Climb Grow Go up rocket Downward trend Verb Fall Drop Decline Decrease Go Down Plunge Plummet Stable trend Verb Maintain Constant Remain Stable Stay Steady Unchanged

Describing Trends Other Vocabulary Level off Peak at Reach the peak of Hit a high of Hit a low of Bottom out Plateau Time Expression Over the periods From to Between and At the beginning of the periods At the end of the periods The next show

Example The bar chart illustrates the gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry in the UK from 1992 to 2000. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen that both increased as a percentage of GDP, but IT remained at a higher rate throughout this time. At the beginning of the period, in 1992, the Service Industry accounted for 4 per cent of GDP, whereas IT exceeded this, at just over 6 per cent. Over the next four years, the levels became more similar, with both components standing between 6 and just over 8 per cent. IT was still higher overall, though it dropped slightly from 1994 to 1996. However, over the following four years, the patterns of the two components were noticeably different. The percentage of GDP from IT increased quite sharply to 12 in 1998 and then nearly 15 in 2000, while the Service Industry stayed nearly the same, increasing to only 8 per cent. At the end of the period, the percentage of GDP from IT was almost twice that of the Service Industry.

IDENTIFY PIE GRAPH THE MAIN FEATURES Choose the Most Important Points to write about first Find the biggest and smallest slices of each pie chart Find which slices became bigger/smaller or didn't change

WRITE THE PIE GRAPH DETAILS PARAGRAPHS You should not keep repeating the same structures. The key language when you write about pie charts is proportions and percentages. Common phrases to see are "the proportion of..." or "the percentage of... Other words and fractions. A large number of people Over a quarter of people A small minority A significant number of people less than a fifth was % made up % accounted for % comprised % of [the whole chart]

Change Percentages to Fractions or Ratios

Example The two pie charts display the key reasons why people choose to either cycle or drive to work by percentage. The largest proportion of people who cycle have made this choice for health and environmental reasons whilst the prime advantage of driving to work is the comfort of travelling by car. Notably, for an almost equal proportion of people, their chosen method is the fastest. Taken together, health and fitness and less pollution are reasons given by over half of all people who prefer travelling by bike. Each represents a 30% portion which is double the next most popular reason which is a lack of parking issues at 15%. A different set of concerns has affected the decision of those who choose to commute by car. Comfort is by far the most significant factor at 40% of people, but distance to work is a more important concern for just over a fifth of drivers. For 14% of people, a faster journey time is the key factor compared to a figure of 12% of cyclists who find their means of transport quicker.

READING

READING MAIN IDEA 1. Look at the title : Often the title provides a good indication of the topic of the text or at least helps to orientate the reader in the direction of the main idea. Look at the first and last sentences/paragraphs of the extract : Often the main idea will be introduced and summarized respectively in these parts of the text. Look for repeated words and phrases in the extract: The frequency with which they occur will be a strong indicator of their relative importance and will point elusive main idea. Asking What does the writer want me to know? : Answering this question successfully will require the students to uncover the main idea of the text. 2. 3. 4.

READING SUPPORTIVE IDEA A paragraph contains facts, statements, examples-specifics which guide us to a full understanding of the main idea. They clarify, illuminate, explain, describe, expand and illustrate the main idea and are supporting details. Determining Supporting Details 1. Decide which details help to further the story line. 2. Decide which details help you to understand the main idea. 3. Answer question raised by the main idea (who, what when, why or how).

PURPOSE OF SUPPORTIVE IDEA to make the reader enjoy reading to change a reader s opinion to help people decide what to do to break down something to help people to understand it to make the case for something to give details about a person, place, event or thing to make clear why or how something works to tell a reader about something to tell a reader how to do something Entertain Persuade Advise Analyze Argue Describe Explain Inform Instruct

CLASSICFICATION OF INFORMATION IN TEXT Using tree diagram to classify the information Idea Supportive Supportive Purpose Purpose Purpose

Reading Technique Skimming Scanning Skimming will help you grasp the general idea or gist of a text. You might quickly read the table of contents, the headings or the abstract. Scanning allows you to locate precise information. You might identify a key terms or expressions which will alert you to where your subject is being addressed. Detailed Reading Revision Reading Detailed reading allows you to critically consider aspects of the text. This may involve close reading of the entire text, or of important sections of the text. This involves reading rapidly through material with which you are already familiar, in order to confirm knowledge and understanding.

Reading Technique Structure-Proposition-Evaluation This reading technique is mainly applicable to non-fiction writing. This technique suggests reading as per the three following patterns 1. Studying the structure of the work 2. Studying the logical propositions made and organized into chains of inference; 3. Evaluation of the merits of the arguments and conclusions

Reading Technique SQ3R Technique This method aims to facilitate a clear understanding of the text that the reader would be able to teach whatever he has learned during the process of reading. 1. Survey : The survey involves getting a quick idea of the whole writing piece. 2. Question : Reader should prepare questions in your mind and look for the answers while reading the text. 3. Read : The reader should read selectively if they are looking for any specific. 4. Recite : The reader should answer the questions in his own words using only the keywords that are required to sum up the complete idea. 5. Review : The reader should review the entire things in his mind.

SPEAKING

Short presentation FORMAT Extremely Short Introduction Short Problem Slide presentatio n Solution/Analysis Slide Conclusion Slide

Short presentation FORMAT Extremely Short Introduction Your first slide should serve as an introduction to the topic of your presentation. Try to limit your title to around six words or even less. If your title is too long, it can become unwieldy and your presentation may confuse your audience by covering too much. Remember: don't need to spend too much precious time Problem Slide Most presentations can be boiled down to a problem you've identified, solved, or are in the process of solving. Lead with that familiar narrative. It will give your presentation a clear starting point and prime your audience for the rest of your slides.

Short presentation FORMAT Solution/Analysis Slide(s) Now that your problem has been introduced, tell your audience what they need to know about what you're doing about it. In shorter presentation formats, you'll want to focus less on the details and more on the big-picture items. Ask yourself: what does your audience need to know when they leave the room. Conclusion Slide The conclusion side allows you to bring a coherent end to your presentation and summarize the important takeaway points for your audience A good conclusion will reinforce the other information you presented and ultimately makes your presentation as a whole more memorable.

Short presentation FORMAT Preparing your presentation Be clear about your objective Make sure your talk has a clear structure Prepare slides that are clear and simple not too much information Practise giving presentation and time yourself Delivering your presentation Speak Naturally and cleary Use signposting language Look at your audience, not your slides

SHORT PRESENTATION TECHNIQUE Know Your Audience Well Choose the Right Topic For short presentations, Topic Selection is very important. When selecting a presentation topic for a 5 minutes presentation: Choose a topic apreaker are already familiar with : This will minimize the time you spend researching your topic. Keep it simple : Avoid complex topics that require lots of explanation. Stick to one or two main points : Also limit a minimal number of sub-points. Because the presentation length is limited, Remember your audience's background : To create attractive presentation speaker must know your audience.

SHORT PRESENTATION TECHNIQUE Start With a Powerful Attention Grabber Pay some extra attention to the opening. You probably don't have time to show a video or play complex animations. These quick attention grabbers are great for short presentations Storytelling Poll the audience Mention a startling statistic Show a compelling image Practice Makes Perfect