Overview and Design of Building Air Conditioning Systems

Environmental Thermal Engineering Lecture # 15 Min soo Kim Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

Overview and Desing of Building Air Condition System and T. A. B.

Contents 1. Overview and Design of BACS 2. Building energy-saving technology 3. T. A. B.

1. Overview and Design of Building Air Conditioning System

Comfort and Air conditioning Humans are originally weak and pursue comfort. Humans want proper temparature and humidity. But climate discord to this demand, so human's comfort is not easily realized. Human can not change the climate at specific region but only limited spaces such as home, office and building. Method of Air conditioning : heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, purifying, deodorization

Comfort and Air conditioning Temperature difference between human body(28~37oC) and pleasant one (23~25oC) Human feel comfort when appropriately emit heat. Comparing : Human vs Heat Engine Releasing wast heat is needed. (So we feel stuffiness in the packed subway) It s the reason for using fan, air-conditioner heat-pump. Air-conditioning effect on work, study and even date(?).

Industrial Application of AC Electric Environmental control at semiconductor Company Medical Operation room MRI Cooling at medicine company Fiber Food Isothermal-isohumidity control at fiber company Application Food storage Food processing Freezing and cooling Macninery Heat treatment at metal company Space environment test facility Cooling measuring equipment Building Chemistry Office cooilng and heating Home cooling and heating Air conditioning Factory heating Freeze-drying Freezing and liquefying in process

Building Air Conditioning System BACS? It s a system that include heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying and cleaning harmful particles to suit the purpose of the building. Application Building

Designing BACS Plan Concept design Idea Enforcement design Object, Function, Size, Structure, Budget, Period

Designing BACS Plan Concept design Idea Enforcement design Scope, Indoor Environment Methods, Budget Size and location of control room Layout of duct and pipe Data collection Master-plan, Outline, Budget bill

Designing BACS Plan Concept design Idea Enforcement design Method of air conditioning Method of heating & cooling Calculating electric load Plecement plan of space and machinery A sheme drawing Outline specification

Designing BACS Plan Concept design Idea Enforcement design Calculation of load and air volume Select appropriate equipment Designing and drafting duct and pipe Making budget bill

2. Building energy-saving technology

Building energy-saving Energy-saving Technology Load reducing Tech - Reducing load Building s energy consumption in Korea is 40%. Building equipment Tech - Improve Efficiency - Optimal Operation

Type of technologies Load Reducing Tech Building Equipment Tech Equipment planning Heat load reducing Heating system Ventilation load reducing Heat transport Lighting load reducing Heat exchanging Using nature energy Electric equipment Combine designing system Control Technology

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Heat load reducing Designing and choosing appropriate building skin and structure Improve Heat efficiency of Building Ventilation load reducing Double Skin This building s annual energy consumption is 74Mcal. General office building s annual energy consumption is 300~350Mcal per 1 . - Korea Institute of Energy Research Minimize contamination Active use of nature ventilation Minimize heat lose during ventilation Use high-efficiency ventilator

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Lighting load reducing Lighting energy consumption is 30% of total energy use of building Nature lighting design & control - Use windows and doors Induction nature lighting system - Induce sunlight by using duct, light fiber 1. Example of nature lighting 2. Example of Light Shelves

Building energy-saving Load Reducing Tech Using nature energy Solar heat (Nature, Equipment, Hybrid) Nature ventilation cooling Geothermal, underground water Wind energy Combine designing system Example of using geothermal Placement plan Performance evaluation by simulation - Gain energy by thermal difference between air and underground

Building energy-saving Building equipment Tech Technology for designing plan Select proper air conditioning system Design optimized system for building Technology for facilities for heat source Facility for heating source Facility for cooling source Facility for integrated source ( Heat pump, Heat storage system, Combined heat and power generation system) Example of heat storage

Building energy-saving Building equipment Tech Heat Transfer Machinery - Fan, Pump, Booster Line Duct, Damper, Pipe, Valve Air Blower Pump Heat exchange Total exchanger, Sensible exchanger, Ondol( ), Heat recovering device Electric Equipment Duct Heat Exchanger Control Tech

3. T. A. B.

Definition of T.A.B. T. A. B.? Test, Adjusting, Balancing Testing medium(Air, Water) s quality or quantity is appropriate to constructed facility Adjusting error Balancing facility system

Advantage of T.A.B. Energy saving Extension of life span Secure performance and quality of air Comfort of Indoor Environment Prevention of noise

Expected benefits of T.A.B. Construction quality increase Initial investment saving Equipment life extension Operation cost saving Renovation under Compose comfortable environment Perfect Planning Efficient operation management

Performing process order of T.A.B. System System Examination Examination Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Final Final Report Report T. A. B. T. A. B. Inspection Inspection

System Classification Air conditioner Variable/Constant air volume unit Air distribution Air distribution system system Heating/Ventilation unit Fan Duct & Duct mechanism Boiler & Refrigerator Boiler & Refrigerator Cooling tower Cooling tower Water distribution Water distribution s system ystem Heat exchanger Heat exchanger Pump Pump Pipe Pipe

Implementation process of T.A.B. System System Examination Examination Understand and examine the air conditioning equipment by using design drawing, design bill and reference material. Find deficiencies and propose alternatives. One of the most important parts. Choosing the appropriate time is needed. Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. System System Examination Examination For smooth progress of T.A.B. process, write each system s drawing and specification on reports(test, adjustment, evaluation) based on design drawing, design bill and reference material. Make it useful when system or field inspection is held. Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Check following points frequently Coincidence with designed drawing Coincidence with designed load Quality of construction Missing installation or poor quality Problems when unnecessary change occurs Electric status : Power, Voltage, Electric current, Rotation, Connection Record level on plates of equipment Automatic control system System System Examination Examination Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. System System Examination Examination Major part of T.A.B. Work Technician should perform at field. It should implement after every details(include equipment setup) are done. Workers should repeatedly work until target building s whole conditions become equilibrium. Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution Air Distribution System System System System Examination Examination Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution Air Distribution System System Static pressure measurement : calculate air volume Total Pressure = Outlet Pressure Inlet Pressure Static Pressure = Total Pressure Velocity Pressure velocity pressure = Fan outlet air pressure corresponding to its speed Measure static pressure before and after coil and filter in air conditioner

Implementation process of T.A.B. Air Distribution Air Distribution System System Distribute air at main, main branch and branch duct. Repeatedly adjust at terminal. Analyze sum of air volume at supply fan and terminal. Measure noise and consider a countermeasure when it exceed a regulated spec Write on the prescribed form Modify after consultation with the representative, and repeat the process until it is in perfect condition

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution Water Distribution System System Air Distribution Air Distribution System System System System Examination Examination Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution Water Distribution System System Measure flux and pressure at pump Confirm that changing state is coincidence to performance curve Measure flux at branch main/line, coil and heat exchanger Measure temperature and pressure at inlet/outlet Measure flux and performance at terminal Repeatedly modify when abnormal situation If using automatic flux valve, manually open the valve to make maximum flux and adjust operating range of automatic flux valve.

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution Water Distribution System System Air Distribution Air Distribution System System System System Examination Examination Automatic Control Automatic Control System System Preliminary Preliminary Report Report System should appropriately counteract to changes in outlet/inlet condition s change. Check that system is appropriately installed to follow design intent. To smooth operation of air/water distribution system, ACS s smooth operation is the most important factor. Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution Water Distribution System System Air Distribution Air Distribution System System System System Examination Examination Automatic Control Automatic Control System System Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Control Control Temp & Humidity Temp & Humidity Field Field Inspection Inspection Control temperature and humidity to appropriate condition based on sensor installed at indoor or duct. T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. Water Distribution Water Distribution System System Air Distribution Air Distribution System System System System Examination Examination Automatic Control Automatic Control System System Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Control Control Temp & Humidity Temp & Humidity Measure Measure Noise Noise Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Measure noise after whole installation is done. Final Final Report Report

Implementation process of T.A.B. After whole process, the person in charge need to write a final report of air-conditioner that include test, adjustment, evaluation, whole process. System System Examination Examination Building overview and function Overview of air conditioner Service s purpose, organization, range and contents, period and schedule. Measured value, updated value, final adjustment value Problem and alternative solution Significant to report Photo of measurement equipment Photo of working field Other detail Preliminary Preliminary Report Report Field Field Inspection Inspection T. A. B. T. A. B. Final Final Report Report

Example of final report of T.A.B. Measure and record of ventilator One of air distribution system at final report