Overview of Atomic Models and Theories

The development of atomic structure through various theories like Dalton's atomic model, Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, and Thomson's theory is discussed. Each theory contributed to our understanding of atoms, their composition, and behavior, leading to advancements in the field of chemistry. The evolution of atomic models over time reflects the progress in scientific knowledge and experimental evidence supporting these models.

• Atomic Models
• Chemistry Theories
• Daltons Model
• Rutherford
• Bohr
• Thomson
• Evolution
• Scientific Progress

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1. CHEMISTRY HOMEWORK CHEMISTRY HOMEWORK BY BASHAR ALKFOUF

2. MAIN POINTS IN MAIN POINTS IN DALTONS ATOMIC MODEL ATOMIC MODEL DALTONS 1. A L L M A TTE R IS C OM PRISE D OF TIN Y , D E FIN ITE P A R TIC L E S C A L L E D A TOM S . 2. A TOM S A RE IN D IVISIB L E A N D IN D E STR U C TIB L E 3. A TOM S OF D IFFE RE N T E L E M E N TS CON TA IN D IFFE RE N T M A SS . 4. A TOM S OF D IFFE RE N T E L E M E N TS COM B IN E IN FIXE D W H OL E -N U M B E R R A TIOSW H E N FORM IN G C OM POU N D S . N OT A L L OF TH E SE C ON C E PTS W E RE N E W . D A L TON S TH E ORY B U IL T STRON GL Y U PON TH E W ORK O F OTH E R SC IE N TISTS , SU C H A S H E N RY C A VE N D ISH A N D JOSE PH -L OU IS PROU ST. H IS C ON TRIB U TION W A S TO C OM B IN E TH E SE ID E A S IN TO A C ON SISTE N T TH E OR YTH A T COU L D B E M E A SU RE D A N D TE STE D . W H A T OTH E R C H E M ISTS PROP OSE D , D A L TON SH O W E D .

3. HOW HAS THE ATOMIC HOW HAS THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE CHANGED BY STRUCTURE CHANGED BY TIME? TIME? i. B OH R'S M OD E L (1913) N IE L S B OH R IM PRO VE D RU TH E RFO RD 'S M OD E L . U SIN G M A TH E M A TIC A L ID E A S, H E SH O W E D TH A T E L E C TRON S OCCU PY SH E L L S OR E N E RG Y L E VE L S A ROU N D TH E N U CL E U S . TH E D A L TON M OD E L H A S C H A N G E D O VE R TIM EB E C A U SE OF TH E D ISC O VE RY OF SU B A TOM IC P A RTICL E S. ii. B E C A U SE M ORE E XPE RIM E N TS G A VE M ORE D A TA , TH E ORIE S A N D M OD E L S FORA TOM S CH A N G E D TO B E M ORE A CC U R A TE O VE R TIM E . iii. RU TH E R FORD 'S E XPE RIM E N T PR OM PTE D A C H A N G E IN TH E A TOM IC M OD E L . IF TH E POSITIVE A L PH A P A RTIC L E S M OSTL Y P A SSE D TH ROU G H TH E FOIL , B U T SOM E B OU N CE D B A C K. A N D IF TH E Y A L RE A D Y K N E W TH A T TH E E L E C TRON W A S SM A L L A N D N E G A TIVE , TH E N TH E A TOM M U ST H A VE A SM A L L P OSITIVE N U CL E U S W ITH TH E E L E C TRON S A ROU N D TH E M .

4. DALTONS THEORY DALTONS THEORY D A L TONH YPOTH E SIZE D TH A T TH E L A W OF C ON SE RV A TION OF M A SS A N D TH EL A W OF D E FIN ITE PROPORTION S C OU L D B E E XPL A IN E D U SIN G TH E ID E A OF A TOM S . H E PROPOSE D TH A T A L L M A TTE R IS M A D E OF TIN Y IN D IVISIB L E P A RTIC L E S CA L L E D A TOM S , W H IC H H E IM A G IN E D A S "SOL ID , M A SSY , H A R D , IM PE N E TR A B L E , M O V A B L E P A RTIC L E (S )".

5. DEMOCRITUS THEORY DEMOCRITUS THEORY D E M OC RITU S B E L IE VE D TH A TA TOM S W E R E U N IFORM , SOL ID , H A R D , IN C OM PRE SSIB L E , A N D IN D E STRU C TIB L E A N D TH A T TH E Y M OVE D IN IN FIN ITE N U M B E RS TH ROU G H E M PTY SP A C E U N TIL STOPPE D . D IFFE R E N CE S IN A TOM IC SH A PE A N D SIZE D E TE RM IN E D TH E V A RIOU S PR OPE RTIE S OF M A TTE R .

6. THOMSON'S THEORY THOMSON'S THEORY A C CORD IN G TO TH OM SON 'S A TOM IC M OD E L ,A N A TOM IS M A D E U P OF A POSITIVE L Y C H A R G E D SPH E R E IN TO W H IC H N E G A TIVE L Y C H A RG E D E L E C TR ON S A RE IM PL A N TE D . B E C A U SE E L E CTRON S A N D PROTON S H A VE TH E S A M E M A G N ITU D E , A N A TOM A S A W H OL E IS E L E C TRIC A L L Y N E U TR A L .

7. RUTHERFORD'S THEORY RUTHERFORD'S THEORY R U TH E RFORD 'S M OD E LPR OPOSE D TH A T TH E N E G A TIVE L Y C H A RG E D E L E C TRON S SU RROU N D TH E N U C L E U S OF A N A TOM . H E A L SO C L A IM E D TH A T TH E E L E C TR ON S SU R R OU N D IN G TH E N U C L E U S R E V OL VE A ROU N D IT W ITH VE RY H IGH SPE E D IN C IRC U L A R P A TH S . H E N A ME D TH E SE CIRC U L A R P A TH S A S ORB ITS . E RN E ST R U TH E RFORD FOU N D TH A TTH E A TOM IS M OSTL Y E M PTY SP A C E , W ITH N E A R L Y A L L OF ITS M A SS C ON C E N TR A TE D IN A TIN Y C E N TR A L N U C L E U S . TH E N U CL E U S IS POSITIVE L Y C H A RG E D A N D SU RROU N D E D A T A G RE A T D ISTA N CE B Y TH E N E G A TIVE L Y C H A RG E D E L E C TRON S .