Overview of Chinese Civil War 1945-49: Key Events & Impacts
The Chinese Civil War of 1945-49 was a pivotal period marked by the collapse of GMD China, coalition negotiations, and the fierce civil war between CCP and GMD. Learn about the wartime challenges, coalition discussions, and the significant turning points that eventually led to Communist victory and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
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Presentation Transcript
The Civil War: 1945-49 HI 168: Lecture 10 Dr. Howard Chiang
OVERVIEW - Wartime GMD China - Coalition Negotiations: 1945-46 - Civil War: 1946-49 - Taiwan before 1950 - The February Twenty-Eighth Incident
WARTIME GMD CHINA - Many of the accomplishments of Chiang Kai-shek s Nanjing decade were destroyed in war: highways, railroads, industry, bridges, and roads - Inflation: from 1937-45, rose 2,647 times the price - Government simply printed more money - Chiang s commitment to the Second United Front was weak: peasants and workers attracted to the CCP
COALITION NEGOTIATIONS - The question of the surrender of Japanese military units: the rush to Northeast China between CCP and GMD (backed by the U.S.) - August 28, 1945: Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai flew to Chongqing from Yan an with the US ambassador, Patrick Hurley - August 29 to October 10, 1945: Chongqing negotiations Mao and Chiang signed a memo of agreement
COALITION NEGOTIATIONS - Ambassador Hurley resigned and replaced by George C. Marshall - 1941: Federation of Democratic Parties opposed the GMD monopoly of government power - Oct 1944: Democratic League (3rdForce) - Many of the League leaders were assassinated (most likely by GMD) members flee to Hong Kong - Oct 1947: Nanjing outlawed the League
CIVIL WAR - May 1, 1946: Chinese People s Liberation Army (PLA) - GMD outnumbered CCP in the beginning - Late 1946: PLA under the leadership of Lin Biao turned the tide - Communists in control of the countryside: Nationalist-controlled cities islands in a Communist sea - Mid-1948: CCP and GMD equal numbers - Communist victory in Manchuria, 1948
TAIWAN BEFORE 1950 - Indigenous population: Malay or Polynesian origins (2% population today) - 16th& 17thcentury: Han Chinese migration from Fujian province (speakers of Minnan or southern Fujian) - 15thto 17thcentury: commercal base for Portuguese and Dutch merchants - 1661-1683: Zheng Chenggong - 1683: prefecture of Fujian province - 1887: independent province
TAIWAN BEFORE 1950 - Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 Apr 1895): Taiwan remained Japanese control until 1945 - Agreements signed in Cairo (Nov 22 1943) and Potsdam (July and Aug 1943): Taiwan was to be returned to China - Chen Yi: first governor of Taiwan in 1945 and established a new mainlander elite - clashed with the Taiwanese elites (e.g., disposition of Japanese property)
FEB TWENTY-8TH (2-28) INCIDENT - Feb. 27, 1927: officials of Chen Yi s admin. shot a cigarette-selling woman and a bystander - Demonstration and strike the following day - Taizhong (mid-West Taiwan): a citizens assembly proclaimed the formation of a People s Government - Uprising suppressed with great brutality - 1949: Chiang s (2nd) White Terror
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