Overview of Hiatal Hernia: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

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Hiatal hernia is a condition where part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm, causing symptoms like indigestion, retrosternal pain, and nausea. The etiology includes factors like obesity, pregnancy, and old age. Diagnosis involves history collection and imaging tests. Management includes antacids for heartburn and surgical procedures like Nissen fundoplication. Learn more about this condition at Rohilkhand College of Nursing.

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HIATUS HERNIA MR. DINESH SINGH P.G. NURSING TUTOR ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 1

OBJECTIVES Introduction of the. Define the . Explain the causes of . State the clinical manifestations of . Elaborate the diagnostic evaluation of. Discuss the management of. Describe the prevention of. 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 2

INTRODUCTION A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach bulges through the large muscle separating the abdomen and chest (diaphragm). And diaphragm has a small opening (hiatus) through which food tube (esophagus) passes before connecting to the stomach. In a hiatal hernia, the stomach pushes up through that opening and into the chest. 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 3

DEFINITION A protrusion (Abnormal growth) from cavity wall of any organ, tissue or structure is called hernia. Hiatal hernia/ Diaphragmatic Hernia: A protrusion (Abnormal growth) of a part of stomach into esophagus through diaphragm. 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 4

ETIOLOGY Excessive physical work or Weakness of muscles exercise Increases intra abdominal pressure Obesity Chronic constipation Heavy weight lift Surgery Pregnancy Poor nutrition Ascites Trauma Old age 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 5

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Indigestion Retrosternal pain Nausea Vomiting Hurt burn up to 60 min after meal Swelling in hernial sac Fever Dyspnea 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 6

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Ultrasound Chest X-ray Barium meal test 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 7

MANAGEMENT Antacid for heart burn, e.g., Magnesium hydroxide. Antiemetic for vomiting Antihistamine for allergic reaction (Levocetirizine) 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 8

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Nissen fundoplication: In this procedure, the surgeon wraps the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus. This reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter, making it less likely that acid will back up in the esophagus. 11-03-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 9