Pacific Water and Sanitation Strategy for Sustainable Development Goals

Water and sanitation in the SDGs: SDG WASH Strategy for the Pacific Pacific Headline Indicators Meeting planning Rifat Hossain (hossainr@who.int) Noum a, 1 March 2017 www.wssinfo.org

Lessons from the MDGs and unfinished businesses

Oceania: lowest coverage on water in 2015 6 out of 14 PICs missed MDG drinking-water target.

Access to sanitation in 2015: Oceania regional coverage <50% of global Less than half of the PICs achieved MDG sanitation target.

Inequalities in drinking water coverage Urban Improved Rural Improved National Improved country total piped total piped total piped American Samoa Fiji French Polynesia Kiribati Marshall Islands Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu 100.0 99.5 100.0 87.3 93.5 88.0 97.5 93.2 99.7 98.3 98.9 92.3 96.4 97.7 66.6 3.9 55.1 91.3 60.5 73.2 96.9 60.8 100.0 91.2 100.0 50.6 97.6 32.8 99.3 77.2 99.6 97.0 92.9 92.3 35.9 97.7 9.3 0.0 2.6 83.9 16.3 79.8 96.8 25.5 100.0 95.7 100.0 66.9 94.6 40.0 99.0 80.8 99.6 97.7 94.5 92.3 68.4 97.7 34.7 2.9 9.5 85.3 26.2 78.2 96.9 34.7

Inequalities in sanitation coverage Urban Unimproved Rural Unimproved National Unimproved Impro ved Impro ved Impro ved Open Defecati on Open Defecati on Open Defecati on Unimpro ved Unimpro ved Unimpro ved country 62.5 93.4 98.5 51.2 84.5 37.5 6.6 1.5 48.8 15.5 0.7 0.0 1.4 19.7 1.9 62.5 88.4 98.5 30.6 56.2 37.5 11.6 1.5 69.4 43.8 0.7 0.0 1.4 48.8 20.7 62.5 91.1 98.5 39.7 76.9 37.5 8.9 1.5 60.3 23.1 0.7 0.0 1.4 35.9 7.0 American Samoa Fiji French Polynesia Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia (Fed. States of) Niue Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Vanuatu 85.1 100.0 14.9 0.0 5.3 0.0 100.0 49.0 51.0 0.0 10.8 0.0 100.0 57.1 42.9 0.0 9.6 0.0 79.7 100.0 56.4 93.3 81.4 65.1 20.3 0.0 43.6 6.7 18.6 34.9 0.2 0.0 100.0 3.8 0.0 9.5 1.3 79.7 20.3 0.0 86.7 8.9 85.0 44.6 0.2 0.0 100.0 12.6 0.1 66.4 2.2 79.7 20.3 0.0 81.1 8.5 70.2 42.1 0.2 0.0 11.5 0.1 53.7 1.9 13.3 91.1 15.0 55.4 18.9 91.5 29.8 57.9

Monitoring drives progress MDG target on drinking water: sustainable access to safe water lack of data on water safety triggered the norm to be improved drinking water sources

Improved sources not always safe 8

SDG6 and WASH

11 indicators for Goal 6 Indicator (brief title) Global lead 6.1.1 Safely managed drinking water services WHO/UNICEF JMP 6.2.1 Safely managed sanitation services including handwashing WHO/UNICEF JMP 6.3.1 Safely treated wastewater WHO, UN-Habitat 6.3.2 Ambient water quality in water bodies UNEP 6.4.1 Change in water use-efficiency over time FAO 6.4.2 Level of water stress FAO 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resource management implementation UNEP 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation UNEP 6.6.1 Change in water-related ecosystems over time UNEP 6.a Water and sanitation ODA as part of coordinated spending plans OECD, WHO, UNEP 6.b Participation of local communities in water and sanitation management WHO, UNEP

WASH in the SDGs: Global monitoring initiatives 6.1 Drinking Water 6.2 Sanitation and Hygiene JMP Means of Implementation 6.6 Eco- systems 6.A International cooperation and capacity development Goal 6 6.5 Water resource managem ent 6.3 Water quality 6.B Local participation 6.4 Water scarcity GEMI GLAAS GEMI Integrated monitoring of water and sanitation related SDG targets

Target 6.1: Drinking water By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.1.1 (Tier I): Population using safely managed drinking water services Definition: Pop. using an improved drinking water source which is: located on premises, available when needed, and free of faecal and priority chemical contamination Baseline prepared by WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Accessibility Availability Quality 12

MDG/SDG Service ladder Progressive realization Safely managed drinking water services Drinking water from an improved source which is located on premises, available when needed and free of faecal and priority contamination SDG 6.1 Progressive Realisation Drinking water from an improved source provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a roundtrip including queuing Basic service Drinking water from improved sources which require over 30 minutes for a roundtrip including queuing Limited service Drinking water from unprotected dug wells or unprotected springs Unimproved Drinking water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal or irrigation channel Surface water 13

Target 6.2: Sanitation and hygiene By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 6.2.1 (Tier I): Population using safely managed sanitation services including a handwashing facility with soap and water Definition: Pop. using an improved sanitation facility which is: not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed in situ or transported and treated off-site Baseline prepared by WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Accessibility Quality 14

Service ladder Progressive realization Use of improved facilities which are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed in situ or transported and treated off-site Safely managed sanitation services SDG 6.2 Progressive Realisation Use of improved facilities which are not shared with other households Basic service Use of improved facilities shared between two or more households Limited service Use of pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines Unimproved Disposal of human faeces in fields, forest, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or with solid waste Open defecation 15

Target 6.3: Water quality By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, and at least doubling recycling and safe reuse globally 6.3.1 (Tier II): Percentage of wastewater safely treated Baseline by WHO and UN-Habitat (later 2017) 6.3.2 Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality Lead: UNEP, drawing on GEMS/Water (GEMI) 16

Target 6.a: International cooperation By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies 6.a.1 (Tier I): Amount of water and sanitation related Official Development Assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan Baseline from GLAAS survey led by WHO (on behalf of UNWater) 17

SDG Datagoing beyond surveys Criterion Accessibility Population based Surveys Regulatory data Household connections (piped) Max distance/travel time Continuity of supplies Hours of service Location of water source Collection time (or distance) Sanitation facility shared or not Availability Sufficiency of hh supply Service interruption/Seasonality Quality Water quality testing at source Quality testing in household Excreta management onsite Compliance with national norms Risk management Wastewater treatment offsite 18

Help achieve/monitor WASH SDG targets: Technical cooperation and way forward

Short and medium term plans (1) WHO technical cooperation with several PICs To help build country monitoring systems To help setup risk management approach Data comparability through use of standard SDG compatible tools collaboration with NSOs/SPC WASH baselines are being consulted Technical assistance in water quality monitoring Wastewater baseline to be ready: late 2017 20

Short and medium term plans (2) MOI baseline: data from 7 PICs (GLAAS, 6.a.1) Sanitation and Water for All high level meeting Water safety planning (also for sanitation) 4 PICs: WHO/DFAT water quality for health project Lessons: WASH safety planning in SDG strategy Nadi meeting (PICs intergovernmental meeting, supported by WHO, UNICEF, SPC) Situational analysis to develop SDG WASH strategy 21

WASH safety planning to achieve and monitor SDGs WHO Guidelines Country status What is needed SDGs Standards following guidelines, national target setting in progress? National targets aligned with SDGs, using a risk management approach Set national standards Set national targets Targets to set based on risk management approach? WASH safety planning be guiding principle for WASH programmes: SDGs Implement: risk management approach (WSPs, SSPs) WASH safety planning for safely managed WASH services Compliance testing and regular monitoring? Compliance testing and monitoring status and gaps? Compliance testing (eg. WSP auditing) Regular monitoring

Sneak peek SDG baselines 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 29 80 80 80 New Zealand New Zealand Population (%) Population (%) Population (%) Palau 60 80 84 60 60 100 100 100 100 100 40 40 40 76 71 20 20 20 20 16 0 0 0 0 National Rural* Urban 0 0 0 0 National Rural* Urban* National Rural* Urban* Safely managed Basic service Safely managed Basic service Safely managed Basic service Limited service Unimproved Limited service Unimproved Limited service Unimproved Open defecation Surface water Open defecation 100 100 0 0 26 100 2 Cook Islands 4 7 0 5 80 Population (%) 0 7 80 10 Population (%) 0 50 80 Population (%) 60 60 Australia 60 Tuvalu 40 74 87 40 81 73 40 20 50 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 8 National Rural Urban 6 0 National Rural Urban National Rural Urban Safely managed Basic service Safely managed Basic service Safely managed Basic service Limited service Unimproved Limited service Unimproved Limited service Unimproved Open defecation Surface water Open defecation 23