Peritoneal Dialysis Regimes Overview

CHAPTER 10 PERITONEAL DIALYSIS Lily Mushahar Sunita Bavanandan Anita Bhajan Manocha Wan Hazlina Wan Mohamad Uvanesan Kathiravelu Kong Boon Huei

Table 10.1.1: Peritoneal dialysis regimes, 2012 Table 10.1.1: Peritoneal dialysis regimes, 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 PD regime n % n % n % n % 86 4.5 8.8 0.7 100 n % n % Standard CAPD DAPD Automated PD/ CCPD Unknown/NA Total 6364 409 1144 23 7940 80.2 5.2 14.4 0.3 100 6291 340 875 24 7530 83.5 4.5 11.6 0.3 100 5848 268 691 30 6837 85.5 3.9 10.1 0.4 100 5364 279 550 45 6238 4976 212 503 75 5766 86.3 4674 86.9 3.7 141 8.7 458 1.3 103 100 5376 100 2.6 8.5 1.9 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 PD regime n % n % n % n % n % Standard CAPD DAPD Automated PD/ CCPD Unknown/NA Total 4399 132 459 74 5064 86.9 2.6 9.1 1.5 100 4111 113 463 67 4754 86.5 2.4 9.7 1.4 100 3516 141 407 66 4130 85.1 3.4 9.9 1.6 100 3015 127 387 40 3569 84.5 3.6 10.8 1.1 100 2645 92 355 40 3132 84.5 2.9 11.3 1.3 100

Table 10.1.2: CAPD Table 10.1.2: CAPD connectology connectology, 2012 , 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 CAPD connectology n % n % n % n % n % n % CAPD Baxter disconnect Fresenius disconnect Lucenxia / Peritone Others Unknown APD Baxter disconnect Fresenius disconnect Lucenxia Others Unknown 6998 3637 2860 474 3 24 1354 908 264 167 0 15 100 52 40.9 6.8 0 0.3 100 67.1 19.5 12.3 0 1.1 6323 3315 2743 14 195 56 1157 794 227 109 10 17 100 52.4 43.4 0.2 3.1 0.9 100 68.6 19.6 9.4 0.9 1.5 5849 3162 2455 28 136 68 921 669 187 47 6 12 100 54.1 42 0.5 2.3 1.2 100 72.6 20.3 5.1 0.7 1.3 5379 3029 2170 30 80 70 762 577 150 27 3 5 100 56.3 40.3 0.6 1.5 1.3 100 75.7 19.7 3.5 0.4 0.7 4912 2763 1990 0 52 107 672 491 152 24 1 4 100 56.2 40.5 0 1.1 2.2 100 73.1 22.6 3.6 0.1 0.6 4448 2393 1853 1 63 138 600 418 135 41 1 5 100 53.8 41.7 0 1.4 3.1 100 69.7 22.5 6.8 0.2 0.8

Table 10.1.2: CAPD Table 10.1.2: CAPD connectology connectology, 2012 , 2012- -2022 (Cont.) 2022 (Cont.) 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 CAPD connectology n % n % n % n % n % CAPD Baxter disconnect Fresenius disconnect Lucenxia / Peritone Others Unknown APD Baxter disconnect Fresenius disconnect Lucenxia Others Unknown 4389 2510 1688 3 30 158 604 396 128 37 0 43 100 57.2 38.5 0.1 0.7 3.6 100 65.6 21.2 6.1 0 7.1 4162 2581 1352 0 37 192 554 380 115 22 0 37 100 62 32.5 0 0.9 4.6 100 68.6 20.8 4 0 6.7 3566 2348 967 0 39 212 515 402 80 1 1 31 100 65.8 27.1 0 1.1 5.9 100 78.1 15.5 0.2 0.2 6 3073 2079 656 0 51 287 455 346 77 0 0 32 100 67.7 21.3 0 1.7 9.3 100 76 16.9 0 0 7 2702 1776 457 0 74 395 401 305 80 0 0 16 100 65.7 16.9 0 2.7 14.6 100 76.1 20 0 0 4

Table 10.1.3(a): CAPD Number of Exchanges per day, 2012 Table 10.1.3(a): CAPD Number of Exchanges per day, 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Number of exchanges/ day n 8 28 854 5743 103 37 6773 % 0.1 0.4 12.6 84.8 1.5 0.5 100 n 4 23 656 5819 96 33 6631 % 0.1 0.3 9.9 87.8 1.4 0.5 100 n 6 19 497 5483 83 28 6116 % 0.1 0.3 8.1 89.7 1.4 0.5 100 n 10 17 437 5054 99 26 5643 % 0.2 0.3 7.7 89.6 1.8 0.5 100 n 6 19 365 4660 101 37 5188 % 0.1 0.4 7 89.8 1.9 0.7 100 n 5 14 246 4432 69 49 4815 % 0.1 0.3 5.1 92 1.4 1 100 1 2 3 4 5 Unknown Total 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Number of exchanges/ day n 6 9 % 0.1 0.2 3.8 92.6 1.3 1.9 100 n 5 8 % 0.1 0.2 3.8 93.4 1 1.4 100 n 5 9 % 0.1 0.2 4.1 93.2 1 1.3 100 n 7 6 % 0.2 0.2 4.1 93 1.1 1.3 100 n 6 7 % 0.2 0.3 4.2 92.7 1.5 1.2 100 1 2 3 4 5 Unknown Total 173 4197 59 87 4531 162 3947 44 58 4224 149 3409 37 48 3657 130 2921 36 42 3142 114 2537 41 32 2737

Table 10.1.3(b) ( Table 10.1.3(b) (i i): ): CAPD total dwell volumes per day, 2012 CAPD total dwell volumes per day, 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Total dwell volumes /day n % n % n % 9.8 86.4 3.2 0.1 0.5 100 n % n % 8.2 81.7 6 0.4 3.7 100 n % 6.6 84.8 7.7 0.5 0.4 100 Less than 8 8 10 12 Unknown Total 952 5798 207 9 32 6998 13.6 82.9 3 0.1 0.5 100 735 5596 214 9 27 6581 11.2 85 3.3 0.1 0.4 100 596 5255 192 7 30 6080 590 4808 170 7 26 5601 10.5 85.8 3 0.1 0.5 100 378 3758 276 20 170 4602 279 3579 325 23 17 4223 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Total dwell volumes /day n % 4.5 86.1 8.3 0.6 0.5 100 n % 4.5 86.1 8.1 0.6 0.8 100 n % 6.5 83.2 8.1 0.8 1.4 100 n % 5.9 84 8.5 0.4 1.1 100 n % 5.8 83.4 9.4 0.6 0.7 100 Less than 8 8 10 12 Unknown Total 169 3201 307 22 17 3716 155 2957 277 19 27 3435 187 2410 236 23 41 2897 147 2079 211 11 27 2475 127 1811 205 12 16 2171

Table 10.1.3(b) (ii): APD total dwell volumes per day, 2012 Table 10.1.3(b) (ii): APD total dwell volumes per day, 2012- -2022 2022 Total dwell volumes /day Less than 8 8 10 12 14 16 Unknown Total 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 n 93 34 637 36 10 0 307 1117 % 8.3 3 57 3.2 0.9 0 27.5 100 n % 9.7 2.8 61.7 3.9 0.7 0 21.1 100 n 76 26 604 47 6 0 163 922 % 8.2 2.8 65.5 5.1 0.7 0 17.7 100 n 74 27 528 50 5 0 89 773 % 9.6 3.5 68.3 6.5 0.6 0 11.5 100 n 51 25 466 50 5 0 70 667 % 7.6 3.7 69.9 7.5 0.7 0 10.5 100 n 39 25 415 59 3 1 56 598 % 6.5 4.2 69.4 9.9 0.5 0.2 9.4 100 112 32 710 45 8 0 243 1150

Table 10.1.3(b) (ii): APD total dwell volumes per day, 2012 Table 10.1.3(b) (ii): APD total dwell volumes per day, 2012- -2022 (Cont.) (Cont.) 2022 Total dwell volumes /day Less than 8 8 10 12 14 16 Unknown Total 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 n 38 23 416 90 17 0 21 605 % 6.3 3.8 68.8 14.9 2.8 0 3.5 100 n 33 15 389 82 7 5 22 553 % 6 2.7 70.3 14.8 1.3 0.9 4 100 n 36 16 383 55 6 1 19 516 % 7 3.1 74.2 10.7 1.2 0.2 3.7 100 n 52 15 331 34 5 0 18 455 % n % 11.4 3.3 72.7 7.5 1.1 0 4 100 121 16 234 17 2 0 12 402 30.1 4 58.2 4.2 0.5 0 3 100

Table 10.1.4: Assistance to Perform PD, 2012 Table 10.1.4: Assistance to Perform PD, 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 PD Regime / Assistant n % n % n % n % n % n % CAPD Self-care Partial self-care Completely assisted Unknown Automated PD Self-care Partial self-care Completely assisted Unknown 6747 3922 1171 1599 55 1139 412 184 529 14 100 58.1 17.4 23.7 0.8 100 36.2 16.2 46.4 1.2 6491 3787 1081 1623 0 855 289 156 410 0 100 58.3 16.7 25 0 100 33.8 18.2 48 0 5973 3441 955 1546 31 677 211 113 331 22 100 57.6 16 25.9 0.5 100 31.2 16.7 48.9 3.2 5505 3314 820 1357 14 538 179 102 249 8 100 60.2 14.9 24.7 0.3 100 33.3 19 46.3 1.5 5081 3081 772 1213 15 488 163 106 219 0 100 60.6 15.2 23.9 0.3 100 33.4 21.7 44.9 0 4749 2888 702 1157 2 451 140 90 221 0 100 60.8 14.8 24.4 0 100 31 20 49 0

Table 10.1.4: Assistance to Perform PD, 2012 Table 10.1.4: Assistance to Perform PD, 2012- -2022 (Cont.) 2022 (Cont.) 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 PD Regime / Assistant n % n % n % n % n % CAPD Self-care Partial self-care Completely assisted Unknown Automated PD Self-care Partial self-care Completely assisted Unknown 4170 2526 681 910 53 420 130 99 178 13 100 60.6 16.3 21.8 1.3 100 31 23.6 42.4 3.1 3824 2384 621 754 65 429 131 112 180 6 100 62.3 16.2 19.7 1.7 100 30.5 26.1 42 1.4 3295 2065 413 765 52 364 107 72 179 6 100 62.7 12.5 23.2 1.6 100 29.4 19.8 49.2 1.6 2860 1786 391 607 76 354 111 99 135 9 100 62.4 13.7 21.2 2.7 100 31.4 28 38.1 2.5 2488 1534 377 530 47 327 91 83 142 11 100 61.7 15.2 21.3 1.9 100 27.8 25.4 43.4 3.4

Figure 10.1.4(a): Assistance to Perform CAPD, 2012 Figure 10.1.4(a): Assistance to Perform CAPD, 2012- -2022 2022 Self-care Completely assisted Partial self-care Unknown 100 90 Porportion of patients (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Figure 10.1.4(b): Assistance to Perform APD, 2012 Figure 10.1.4(b): Assistance to Perform APD, 2012- -2022 2022 Self-care Completely assisted Partial self-care Unknown 100 90 Porportion of patients (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Table 10.2.1: Distribution of delivered Kt/V, PD patients 2012 Table 10.2.1: Distribution of delivered Kt/V, PD patients 2012- - 2022 2022 Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Number of Patients 5826 5573 5234 4960 4399 4075 3809 3477 3022 2724 2278 Mean 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 2 2 2 2.1 2.1 SD 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Median 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 1.9 2 2 LQ 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 UQ 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 % patients 1.7 per week 65 65 67 69 69 72 74 74 74 78 79

Table 10.2.2: Variation in proportion of patients with Kt/V Table 10.2.2: Variation in proportion of patients with Kt/V 1.7 per week among PD centres, 2012 per week among PD centres, 2012- -2022 1.7 2022 95th Centile 86 82 82 90 90 88 89 89 89 88 95 5thCentile Year Number of centres Min LQ Median UQ Max 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 47 44 42 38 35 33 32 30 28 25 24 30 23 22 14 20 37 50 47 44 48 53 33 45 50 32 31 38 54 55 47 52 59 56 52.5 55 59 59 63 63.5 66 66.5 70 70 65 64 65 67 68 68 74.5 74.5 73.5 80 79.5 78 72 75 77 78 79 82.5 80 80 84 87.5 91 90 92 96 95 89 92 91 89 91 100

Figure 10.2.2: Variation in proportion of patients with Kt/V Figure 10.2.2: Variation in proportion of patients with Kt/V 1.7 per week among PD centres 2012 per week among PD centres 2012- -2022 1.7 2022 % with KT/V >=1.7 per week (lower 95% CI, upper 95% CI) 100 90 80 70 60 % patients 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 Centre

Table 10.2.3: Peritoneal transport status by PET D/P creatinine Table 10.2.3: Peritoneal transport status by PET D/P creatinine at 4 hours, incident PD patients 2012 at 4 hours, incident PD patients 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Year n % 14 36.1 34.8 15.1 100 n % 9.5 33.4 41.4 15.6 100 n 95 434 604 260 1393 % 6.8 31.2 43.4 18.7 100 n 81 421 628 295 1425 % 5.7 29.5 44.1 20.7 100 n 61 321 571 296 1249 % 4.9 25.7 45.7 23.7 100 n 65 369 521 239 1194 % 5.4 30.9 43.6 20 100 Low Low average High average High Total 149 386 372 161 1068 138 484 599 226 1447 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Year n 57 319 446 219 1041 % 5.5 30.6 42.8 21 100 n 55 338 521 248 1162 % 4.7 29.1 44.8 21.3 100 n 52 308 398 211 969 % 5.4 31.8 41.1 21.8 100 n 40 172 332 208 752 % 5.3 22.9 44.1 27.7 100 n 35 196 317 171 719 % 4.9 27.3 44.1 23.8 100 Low Low average High average High Total

Table 10.2.4: Peritoneal Transport Status (PET) with dialysis Table 10.2.4: Peritoneal Transport Status (PET) with dialysis vintage vintage <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 Duration (Years) n % 14 36.2 34.8 15.1 100 n % 13 34.9 38.5 13.6 100 n % n 74 239 232 87 632 % n 43 139 171 40 393 % Low Low average High average High Total 151 391 376 163 1081 160 431 476 168 1235 108 331 317 95 851 12.7 38.9 37.3 11.2 100 11.7 37.8 36.7 13.8 100 10.9 35.4 43.5 10.2 100 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10 or more n 11 47 67 16 141 Duration (Years) n 26 89 118 27 260 % 10 34.2 45.4 10.4 100 n 28 61 59 17 165 % 17 37 35.8 10.3 100 n 21 50 67 15 153 % n 8 36 33 5 82 % 9.8 43.9 40.2 6.1 100 n 8 26 26 5 65 % % 7.8 33.3 47.5 11.3 100 Low Low average High average High Total 13.7 32.7 43.8 9.8 100 12.3 40 40 7.7 100

Table 10.3.1(a): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003 Table 10.3.1(a): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003- - 2022 (uncensored for death and transplant) 2022 (uncensored for death and transplant) Era Interval (month) 2003-2007 2008-2012 2013-2017 2018-2022 % % % % n Survival 100 93 86 73 61 50 42 35 29 23 20 17 SE n Survival 100 93 85 71 58 47 38 31 26 21 18 15 SE n Survival 100 93 86 71 59 47 37 29 23 20 16 14 SE n Survival 100 94 86 71 58 46 37 SE 0 6 2178 1955 1718 1332 990 744 559 426 319 228 179 140 3726 3328 2917 2198 1634 1205 889 645 474 333 273 210 6475 5813 5157 3858 2911 2129 1530 858 471 212 81 3 9366 7530 5709 3076 1471 479 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120

Figure 10.3.1(a): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003 Figure 10.3.1(a): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003- - 2022 (uncensored for death and transplant) 2022 (uncensored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by Era 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Year 2003-2007 Year 2013-2017 Year 2008-2012 Year 2018-2022

Table 10.3.1(b): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003 Table 10.3.1(b): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003- - 2022 (censored for death and transplant) 2022 (censored for death and transplant) Era Interval (month) 2003-2007 2008-2012 2013-2017 2018-2022 % % % % n Survival 100 97 93 86 78 72 65 60 55 50 45 41 SE n Survival 100 97 92 84 77 70 64 59 53 46 42 39 SE n Survival 100 97 93 85 78 72 65 60 54 50 48 38 SE n Survival 100 97 93 84 77 70 66 SE 0 6 2178 1955 1718 1332 990 744 559 426 319 228 179 140 3726 3328 2917 2198 1634 1205 889 645 474 333 273 210 6475 5813 5157 3858 2911 2129 1530 858 471 212 81 3 9366 7530 5709 3076 1471 479 17 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120

Figure 10.3.1(b): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003 Figure 10.3.1(b): Unadjusted technique survival by era, 2003- - 2022 (censored for death and transplant) 2022 (censored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by Era 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Year 2003-2007 Year 2013-2017 Year 2008-2012 Year 2018-2022

Table 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age Table 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age (uncensored for death and transplant) (uncensored for death and transplant) Age group (years) Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 20-24 % Survival 100 97 94 91 88 83 78 73 71 69 60 54 25-34 % Survival 100 97 94 88 82 75 67 61 55 49 46 46 35-44 % Survival 100 96 91 80 71 62 54 44 38 35 30 26 n SE n SE n SE 430 360 305 221 157 108 76 49 36 22 11 4 1623 1361 1145 782 538 367 245 163 96 51 30 13 2228 1833 1510 993 678 415 265 147 85 57 32 16 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 9 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3

Table 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age Table 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age (uncensored for death and transplant) (Cont.) (uncensored for death and transplant) (Cont.) Age group (years) Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 * Account for patients commenced dialysis from 2012-2022 45-54 % Survival 100 95 88 73 61 49 39 30 24 20 16 13 55-64 % Survival 100 93 84 67 51 37 26 18 14 9 6 5 >=65 % Survival SE 100 88 77 56 40 26 17 10 6 4 3 n SE n SE n 3576 2915 2407 1597 1037 657 409 239 139 79 40 14 4935 4009 3262 2065 1217 693 381 188 113 39 17 9 3835 2961 2335 1366 797 425 218 115 53 18 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Figure 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age Figure 10.3.2(a): Unadjusted technique survival by age (uncensored for death and transplant) (uncensored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by age 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Age 20-24 Age 45-54 Age 25-34 Age 55-64 Age 35-44 Age >=65

Table 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age (censored Table 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age (censored for death and transplant for death and transplant) Age group (years) Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 20-24 % Survival 100 96 91 80 72 62 55 50 45 39 34 27 25-34 % Survival 100 97 92 82 73 66 58 52 47 44 40 35 35-44 % Survival 100 97 92 83 75 66 60 55 49 46 44 41 n SE n SE n SE 430 376 321 234 170 118 81 54 40 25 13 6 1623 1415 1196 827 577 400 268 181 113 63 42 23 2228 1917 1582 1053 725 451 295 173 107 74 43 25 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3

Table 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age (censored Table 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age (censored for death and transplant) (Cont.) for death and transplant) (Cont.) Age group (years) Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 45-54 % Survival 100 97 92 85 77 71 65 59 54 50 48 45 55-64 % Survival 100 97 93 85 78 73 68 62 59 51 49 45 >=65 % Survival 100 97 94 88 83 79 75 72 68 65 48 38 n SE n SE n SE 3576 3058 2537 1702 1117 715 453 269 159 94 52 24 4935 4196 3433 2191 1303 757 424 214 129 51 27 17 3835 3098 2449 1447 848 457 233 124 60 21 8 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 8 11

Figure 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age Figure 10.3.2(b): Unadjusted technique survival by age (censored for death and transplant) (censored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by age 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Age 20-24 Age 45-54 Age 25-34 Age 55-64 Age 35-44 Age >=65

Table 10.3.3(a): Unadjusted technique survival by gender Table 10.3.3(a): Unadjusted technique survival by gender (uncensored for death and transplant) (uncensored for death and transplant) Gender Male % Survival 100 94 86 70 56 43 34 26 20 17 14 11 Female % Survival 100 93 86 72 60 50 40 32 27 23 20 17 n SE n SE Interval (months) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 8903 7578 6123 3896 2416 1390 830 484 279 136 69 28 7920 6649 5538 3643 2402 1536 949 548 323 171 92 36 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Figure 10.3.3(a): Unadjusted technique survival by gender Figure 10.3.3(a): Unadjusted technique survival by gender (uncensored for death and transplant) (uncensored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by gender 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Male Female

Table 10.3.3(b): Unadjusted technique survival by gender Table 10.3.3(b): Unadjusted technique survival by gender (censored for death and transplant) (censored for death and transplant) Gender Male % Survival 100 97 93 84 77 69 64 59 54 48 46 43 Female % Survival 100 97 93 85 78 73 67 61 55 51 47 40 n SE n SE Interval (months) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 8903 7578 6123 3896 2416 1390 830 484 279 136 69 28 7920 6649 5538 3643 2402 1536 949 548 323 171 92 36 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

Figure 10.3.3(b): Unadjusted technique survival by gender Figure 10.3.3(b): Unadjusted technique survival by gender (censored for death and transplant) (censored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by gender 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Male Female

Table 10.3.4(a): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes Table 10.3.4(a): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes status (uncensored for death and transplant) status (uncensored for death and transplant) Diabetes status Non-diabetic % Survival 100 93 86 71 59 48 39 31 26 21 18 15 Diabetic % Survival 100 93 86 70 54 41 30 21 15 13 11 8 n SE n SE Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 20390 11130 9048 5810 3812 2375 1491 886 521 266 142 60 6664 3031 2561 1703 984 534 282 144 78 40 19 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Figure 10.3.4(a): Unadjusted technique survival by Diabetes Figure 10.3.4(a): Unadjusted technique survival by Diabetes status (uncensored for death and transplant) status (uncensored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by diabetes status 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Non-diabetic Diabetic

Table 10.3.4(b): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes Table 10.3.4(b): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes status (censored for death and transplant) status (censored for death and transplant) Diabetes status Non-diabetic % Survival 100 97 93 85 78 72 66 60 55 50 47 40 Diabetic % Survival 100 96 92 83 76 70 64 59 55 51 47 47 n SE n SE Interval (month) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 20390 11136 9051 5796 3795 2358 1476 873 521 267 141 58 6664 3018 2551 1717 1006 550 294 154 80 38 20 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4

Figure 10.3.4(b): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes Figure 10.3.4(b): Unadjusted technique survival by diabetes status (censored for death and transplant) status (censored for death and transplant) Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by diabetes status 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 Non-diabetic Diabetic

Table 10.3.5: Unadjusted technique survival by Kt/V Table 10.3.5: Unadjusted technique survival by Kt/V <1.7 1.7-2.0 >2.0 Kt/V n % Survival SE n % Survival SE n % Survival SE Interval (months) 0 6 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 4628 4306 3612 2333 1429 817 477 267 158 85 41 18 100 97 89 73 58 44 35 27 22 18 15 12 3967 3678 3152 2121 1410 894 575 329 176 78 42 21 100 97 91 76 63 51 41 31 24 20 17 14 5147 4808 4106 2809 1862 1145 691 409 249 136 75 25 100 98 92 78 65 53 42 34 28 23 21 17 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Figure 10.3.5: Unadjusted technique survival by Kt/V Figure 10.3.5: Unadjusted technique survival by Kt/V Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, by KTV 1.00 0.75 Cumulative survival 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 12 24 36 48 Duration in months 60 72 84 96 108 120 KT/V <1.7 KT/V 1.7-2.0 KT/V >2.0

Table 10.3.6: Reasons for drop Table 10.3.6: Reasons for drop- -out from PD program, 2012 out from PD program, 2012- -2022 2022 Year Reasons Death Transplant PD infections Inadequate dialysis Catheter related issues Social reasons Others Unknown Total 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 n % n % n % n % n % 81 2.5 6.7 2 3.6 2.5 1.3 0.5 100 n % 78 0.8 8.9 2.4 2.1 2.6 1.4 3.8 100 1182 32 141 14 61 46 12 0 1488 79.4 2.2 9.5 0.9 4.1 3.1 0.8 0 100 1168 8 129 18 54 36 8 1 1422 82.1 0.6 9.1 1.3 3.8 2.5 0.6 0.1 100 882 27 92 17 56 38 20 0 1132 77.9 2.4 8.1 1.5 4.9 3.4 1.8 0 100 893 27 88 31 48 25 11 5 1128 79.2 2.4 7.8 2.7 4.3 2.2 1 0.4 100 819 25 68 20 36 25 13 5 1011 775 8 88 24 21 26 14 38 994

Table 10.3.6: Reasons for drop Table 10.3.6: Reasons for drop- -out from PD program, 2012 (Cont.) (Cont.) out from PD program, 2012- -2022 2022 Year Reasons Death Transplant PD infections Inadequate dialysis Catheter related issues Social reasons Others Unknown Total 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 n % n % n % n % n % 68 2.4 8.8 4.3 5.2 4.8 1.4 5.2 100 731 6 126 55 51 53 17 45 1084 67.4 0.6 11.6 5.1 4.7 4.9 1.6 4.2 100 631 10 122 38 35 55 11 63 965 65.4 1 12.6 3.9 3.6 5.7 1.1 6.5 100 576 14 67 34 34 45 7 42 819 70.3 1.7 8.2 4.2 4.2 5.5 0.9 5.1 100 471 17 74 38 26 37 12 26 701 67.2 2.4 10.6 5.4 3.7 5.3 1.7 3.7 100 395 14 51 25 30 28 8 30 581

Figure 10.3.6: Reasons for drop Figure 10.3.6: Reasons for drop- -out from PD program, 2012 2022 2022 out from PD program, 2012- - Death Transplant PD infections Inadequate clearance Inadequate ultrafiltration Catheter related issues Social reasons Others Unknown 100 90 Proportion of patients (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Table 10.3.7: Drop Table 10.3.7: Drop- -out rate from PD program with time on out rate from PD program with time on treatment, 2012 treatment, 2012- -2022 2022 Year Time < 3 months 3-<6 months 6- <12 months >=12 months Total 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 n 74 98 206 1110 1488 % 5 6.6 13.8 74.6 100 n 70 96 185 1071 1422 % 4.9 6.8 13 75.3 100 n 62 81 177 812 1132 % 5.5 7.2 15.6 71.7 100 n 48 71 151 858 1128 % 4.3 6.3 13.4 76.1 100 n 34 74 129 774 1011 % 3.4 7.3 12.8 76.6 100 n 43 74 113 764 994 % 4.3 7.4 11.4 76.9 100 Year Time < 3 months 3-<6 months 6- <12 months >=12 months Total 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 n 40 87 146 811 1084 % 3.7 8 13.5 74.8 100 n 63 90 138 674 965 % 6.5 9.3 14.3 69.8 100 n 45 79 98 597 819 % 5.5 9.6 12 72.9 100 n 42 56 85 518 701 % 6 8 n 34 58 77 412 581 % 5.9 10 13.3 70.9 100 12.1 73.9 100

Table 10.4.1: Variation of peritonitis rate (epi/pt Table 10.4.1: Variation of peritonitis rate (epi/pt- -year) among PD centres, 2012 centres, 2012- -2022 year) among PD 2022 5th Centile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95th Centile 0.52 0.52 0.56 0.55 1.01 0.67 0.51 0.64 0.44 0.48 0.38 Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Number of centres 61 59 57 58 57 56 54 52 51 50 49 Min 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LQ 0.16 0.14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Median 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.16 0.24 0.13 UQ 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.23 Max 0.64 0.74 0.64 0.88 1.61 1.16 1.14 3.44 0.99 0.83 0.47

Figure 10.4.1: Variation in peritonitis rate among PD centres, Figure 10.4.1: Variation in peritonitis rate among PD centres, 2022 2022 Peritonitis rate (lower 95% CI, upper 95% CI) 130 120 110 100 90 Rate, epi/ pt-year 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 Centre

Table 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012 Table 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012- -2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 n % n % n % n % n % n % (A) Gram Positives Staph. aureus Staph Coagulase Neg. Strep Others (B) Gram Negatives Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Klebsiella Enterobacter E.Coli Others (C) Polymicrobial (D) Others Fungal Mycobacterium Others (E) No growth (F) Unknown Total 305 274 67 26 12.4 11.1 2.7 1.1 279 269 94 27 11.7 11.3 4 1.1 284 206 94 25 12.5 9.1 4.1 1.1 306 117 73 20 17.1 6.5 4.1 1.1 283 133 69 32 15.5 7.3 3.8 1.8 285 142 87 39 17.2 8.6 5.3 2.4 284 41 93 23 110 104 3 11.5 1.7 3.8 0.9 4.5 4.2 0.1 240 38 99 20 84 96 0 10.1 1.6 4.2 0.8 3.5 4 0 208 36 90 24 95 101 0 9.2 1.6 4 1.1 4.2 4.4 0 196 29 58 19 81 49 0 11 1.6 3.2 1.1 4.5 2.7 0 167 35 85 28 86 50 0 9.2 1.9 4.7 1.5 4.7 2.7 0 160 35 57 28 93 45 22 9.7 2.1 3.4 1.7 5.6 2.7 1.3 67 27 413 577 49 2463 2.7 1.1 16.8 23.4 2 100 66 32 357 621 56 2378 2.8 1.3 15 26.1 2.4 100 55 27 341 619 65 2270 2.4 1.2 15 27.3 2.9 100 54 16 191 528 52 1789 3 53 22 191 548 38 1820 2.9 1.2 10.5 30.1 2.1 100 51 11 160 403 35 1653 3.1 0.7 9.7 24.4 2.1 100 0.9 10.7 29.5 2.9 100

Table 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012 Table 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012- -2022 (Cont.) (Cont.) 2022 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 n % n % n % n % n % (A) Gram Positives Staph. aureus Staph Coagulase Neg. Strep Others (B) Gram Negatives Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Klebsiella Enterobacter E.Coli Others (C) Polymicrobial (D) Others Fungal Mycobacterium Others (E) No growth (F) Unknown Total 226 153 70 41 14.3 9.7 4.4 2.6 225 155 84 53 14.3 9.9 5.3 3.4 177 91 60 36 14.3 7.3 4.8 2.9 192 75 58 44 18.1 7.1 5.5 4.1 149 63 40 24 17.5 7.4 4.7 2.8 155 41 68 29 110 50 51 9.8 2.6 4.3 1.8 7 3.2 3.2 126 32 61 18 79 24 53 8 2 117 34 56 20 61 27 49 9.4 2.7 4.5 1.6 4.9 2.2 4 112 31 45 16 52 14 24 10.5 2.9 4.2 1.5 4.9 1.3 2.3 86 32 33 17 49 14 1 10.1 3.8 3.9 2 5.8 1.6 0.1 3.9 1.1 5 1.5 3.4 45 17 72 367 82 1577 2.9 1.1 4.6 23.3 5.2 100 49 2 108 447 55 1571 3.1 0.1 6.9 28.5 3.5 100 26 6 72 330 77 1239 2.1 0.5 5.8 26.6 6.2 100 34 5 55 234 71 1062 3.2 0.5 5.2 22 6.7 100 28 2 52 185 75 850 3.3 0.2 6.1 21.8 8.8 100

Figure 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012 Figure 10.4.2: Causative organism in PD peritonitis, 2012- -2022 2022 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 0 200 400 600 800 Frequency 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 Staph. Aureus Other Gram positive E.Coli Fungal Culture Negative Staph Coagulase Neg. Pseudomonas Polymicrobial Mycobacterium

Table 10.4.3: Overall outcomes of PD peritonitis, 2012 Table 10.4.3: Overall outcomes of PD peritonitis, 2012- -2022 2022 Relapsed Then Resolved n 71 47 66 47 70 44 58 52 55 36 38 Relapsed Catheter Removed n 67 48 44 31 41 11 14 16 10 13 30 Not Resolved Catheter Removed n 528 470 439 368 342 280 292 327 236 194 153 Resolved Death Unknown Total Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 n % % 2.9 2 2.9 2.6 3.8 2.7 3.7 3.3 4.4 3.4 4.5 % 2.7 2 1.9 1.7 2.3 0.7 0.9 1 0.8 1.2 3.5 % n 53 59 68 51 43 41 37 27 45 25 23 % 2.2 2.5 3 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.7 3.6 2.4 2.7 n 0 0 0 25 15 21 51 29 52 66 79 % 0 0 0 1.4 0.8 1.3 3.2 1.8 4.2 6.2 9.3 n 1744 1754 1653 1267 1309 1256 1125 1120 841 728 527 70.8 73.8 72.8 70.8 71.9 76 71.3 71.3 67.9 68.5 62 21.4 19.8 19.3 20.6 18.8 16.9 18.5 20.8 19 18.3 18 2463 2378 2270 1789 1820 1653 1577 1571 1239 1062 850

Table 10.4.4(a): Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism, Table 10.4.4(a): Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism, 2012 2012- -2017 2017 Outcome Death Resolved Catheter removed n Unknown Total n % % n % n % n % (A) Gram Positives Staph. Aureus Staph Coagulase Neg. Strep Others (B) Gram Negatives Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Klebsiella Enterobacter E.Coli Others (C) Polymicrobial (D) Others Fungal Mycobacterium Others (E) No growth (F) Unknown 1009 571 332 173 80.5 84.1 83.2 73 108 31 23 28 8.6 4.6 5.8 11.8 96 54 32 28 7.7 8 8 11.8 41 23 12 8 3.3 3.4 3 3.4 1254 679 399 237 100 100 100 100 533 129 217 92 295 117 138 70.5 62.9 67.8 71.9 66.4 67.2 69 107 28 41 19 50 21 27 14.2 13.7 12.8 14.8 11.3 12.1 13.5 81 39 53 12 87 29 27 10.7 19 16.6 9.4 19.6 16.7 13.5 35 9 9 5 12 7 8 4.6 4.4 2.8 3.9 2.7 4 4 756 205 320 128 444 174 200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 59 10 360 1487 226 25.3 23.3 69.4 75.6 57.2 90 16 66 238 53 38.6 37.2 12.7 12.1 13.4 81 16 70 203 75 34.8 37.2 13.5 10.3 19 3 1 23 38 41 1.3 2.3 4.4 1.9 10.4 233 43 519 1966 395 100 100 100 100 100

Table 10.4.4(b): Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism, Table 10.4.4(b): Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism, 2018 2018- -2022 2022 Outcome Death Resolved Catheter removed n Unknown Total n % % n % n % n % (A) Gram Positives Staph. Aureus Staph Coagulase Neg. Strep Others (B) Gram Negatives Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Klebsiella Enterobacter E.Coli Others (C) Polymicrobial (D) Others Fungal Mycobacterium Others (E) No growth (F) Unknown 1213 797 347 101 83.3 79.8 87.4 77.7 116 80 22 16 8 8 122 120 26 13 8.4 12 6.5 10 6 2 2 0 0.4 0.2 0.5 0 1457 999 397 130 100 100 100 100 5.5 12.3 748 118 297 83 322 296 2 68.3 65.9 69.9 72.8 70.6 74 66.7 159 33 43 15 53 42 0 14.5 18.4 10.1 13.2 11.6 10.5 0 186 28 85 15 80 61 1 17 15.6 20 13.2 17.5 15.3 33.3 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0.2 0 0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0 1095 179 425 114 456 400 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 45 19 1031 2200 174 15.3 15.3 69.1 76 66.9 115 49 229 343 41 39 39.5 15.3 11.9 15.8 134 55 231 345 38 45.4 44.4 15.5 11.9 14.6 1 1 2 5 7 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.7 295 124 1493 2893 260 100 100 100 100 100

Figure 10.4.4: Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism by Figure 10.4.4: Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism by era, 2012 era, 2012- -2017 & 2018 2017 & 2018- -2022 2022 Resolved Death Catheter Removed Unknown 100 Percent (%) 80 60 40 20 0 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 2012-2017 2018-2022 Staph Coagulase Neg. Pseudomonas Staph. Aureus Acinetobacter Unknown E.Coli Klebsiella Enterobacter Strep Polymicrobial Fungal Mycobacterium Others Others Others No growth Outcome of peritonitis by causative organism