Pesticide Handler Exposure and Regulations
Explore the regulatory framework for pesticides under FIFRA, including registration terms, statutory standards, and types of risks considered by the EPA. Learn about handler exposure factors and data sources for estimating occupational exposure.
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Presentation Transcript
Estimating Pesticide Handler Exposure HSRB Meeting Potomac Yard, Arlington VA U.S. EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs William Jordan April 8, 2014 1 1
Statutory Framework EPA regulates pesticides under FIFRA FIFRA requires registration of all pesticides sold in the US Each product has a defined composition, labeling, and packaging 2
Pesticide Product Registration Terms Composition defined by a Confidential Statement of Formula (percentage of active and inert ingredients; type of formulation, e.g., liquid, granules, wetable powder, etc.) Labeling use directions (site, target pests, method of mixing, loading, application; application rate, timing, and frequency; personal protective equipment; warnings; limitations (e.g., REI, PHI, plant back), etc. Packaging container size, composition, other characteristics 3
Statutory Standard EPA may register a pesticide if it will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment This standard is defined in a way that directs EPA to balance the risks of using a pesticide against its benefits Risk is a function of toxicity and exposure 4
Types of Risks Considered EPA considers a wide range of potential risks human health and environmental For human health, EPA considers occupational, dietary, bystander, residential risks Occupational risks includes handlers and workers 5
Handler Exposure Handler exposure depends on three factors: How the particular pesticide is mixed, loaded, and applied unit exposure for a handling scenario (mg active ingredient / amount of active ingredient handled (AaiH) How much of the pesticide is handled AaiH The impact of using personal protective equipment (PPE) 6
Data sources for estimating occupational exposure Unit exposure studies with surrogate chemicals measuring inhalation & dermal exposure of handlers body parts, when performing scenario tasks (mg active ingredient/AaiH) AaiH data on pesticide product composition, product application rate, and high end quantities handled during a work period Impact of PPE studies of protection 7
Historical Background Reinart, J.C. and D.J. Severn, 1985; pg 360 In estimating exposure for a pesticide application from a surrogate study, it has been our experience that the proper (and logical) conversion factors are amounts of pesticide applied for applicators and the quantity of chemical handled by mixer/loaders. (Reinart, J.C. and D.J. Severn, 1985; pg 361) 8
Proportionality Analysis Discussion Practicality of estimating handler exposure using unit exposure values together with data on AaiH Potential Error from assuming proportionality May underestimate @ lower AaiH May overestimate exposure @ higher AaiH From a policy perspective, this type of error is acceptable 9
