Port of Rotterdam and East London: Overview and Impact

THE PORT OF THE PORT OF ROTTERDAM ROTTERDAM The port of east The port of east london london

ABOUT EAST LONDON PORT Ports.co.za> east London The port of East London, formerly known as Port Rex, is South Africa s only remaining river port. It can be located at the mouth of Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province. It has good rail and road connections from the Hinterland (Free State and Gauteng) north and southwest to KZN and Port Elizabeth respectively. The port is known for its large grain exports in South Africa and lately also handles imports. The port can accommodate vessels of up to 245metres, and tug assistance is compulsory at port. PORT VOLUMES East London port has 11 commercial berths ranging up to 250metres in length and bunkering is available at all berths. The port is what is known as common user port, it operates on first come first serve basis. It has a Multi- Purpose Terminal on the East bank, a Bulk Terminal and Car Terminal both on the West Bank. In recent years the elevator has been converted to handle discharged cargo (imports), and has handled World Food Aids imports on behalf of United Nations. ABOUT THE PORT OF ROTTERDAM The world s third biggest and Europe s biggest port is located I the Netherlands. The Rotterdam port ranks third behind Asian giants, Shanghai and Singapore ports being first and second respectively. In terms of accessibility, the port is well connected through rail networks and road networks. Having an area of over 100 square kilometres, the Rotterdam port has a length of 40 kilometres with a pier length of about 89 kilometres. Along with more than 20 moorages and over 120 bulwarks, the Rotterdam port has nearly 95 depots disambiguated for liquid and dry cargo, cruise liners and also for vessels navigating internally. Along with this, the port also has tug boat facilities and piloting boat facilities.

MAJOR THREAT TO EAST LONDON PORT (climate change; vulnerability in maritime activities) CLIMATE CHANGE: refers to the change in the global temperature (global warming) and the resultant effect on the environment, which includes the marine environment. THE CAUSE Anthropogenic (human activity such as gas emissions, coal and oil burning) IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE Atmospheric and water temperatures Winds Ocean winds Rise in sea level Ocean currents Rainfall EFFECTS Delays at ports Potential delays at ports Anchorage (sailing) The shipping industry contributes 80% of world trade therefore climate change effects are a major concern in the industry.

BUSINESS REPORT HIGH SEAS CLOSE EAST COAST PORTS The KZN ports of Richards Bay, Durban and East London were closed on the 18th of March 2017, because of gale force winds and an abnormal spring tide that battered the East Coast. Dozens of ships were left at sea, a tanker vessel outside Durban, five ships Outside Richards Bay and one off East London coast. The impact of this storm was said to have a huge impact on cargo owners. These impacts in turn created a major chain reaction. East London port closed after experiencing swells at 9am. The city s spokesperson, Terry Taylor, said We expect it to get worse before it gets better .

East London Climate Impact on Ports Soil erosion which may damage huge and deep vessels This image shows a clear view if how inconvenient This picture shows how inland port look like when they are facing drought stage the change of waves direction can be.

CHALLENGES FACED BY PORT OF ROTTERDAM Container activities in the port of Rotterdam are spread over the port area, but in a clustered way. Expansion of the A15 highway connecting the port with the hinterland, did not keep up with persistent traffic growth of road transport. Rail transport has played a modest role in container hinterland traffic for several reasons, including a lack of rail capacity. Barge transport. Congestion at the ETC Delta Terminal.

SOLUTIONS (2017 NPA TRANSNET) Transnet adopted private sector participation for Operation Phakisa. They approved the following strategies and options for the port of East London; Strategically prioritised projects Enhancing the skill set to meet the demand of the changing port environment. For example; Re-training and up-skilling existing staff to meet changing business needs. Adequate infrastructure maintenance Port managers and maintenance managers are to spend more time on the ground inspecting/ overseeing the strategies in place. Climate change cannot be controlled or changed but we can adjust to it by investing on the correct infrastructure that could help us survive such conditions. As for drought, people are begged to use perishable infrastructure wisely

SOLUTIONS TO SOME OF THE PROBLEMS FACED BY ROTTERDAM The container storage and sorting function should be transferred to a strategic located inland location, where space is not restricted. Customs and warehousing are some activities which usually take place in the seaport and can be transferred to these inland sites. Improvements implemented at the inland waterway vessel terminals. Bundling of containers in the Port of Moerdijk. Bundling of inland shipping containers.

PORT AND TERMINAL GROUP MEMEBERS MOLEFE LINDA 21524942 MTHEMBU NOKWANDA 21535535 NTULI ISHA 21700048 POTELWA LISA 21618335 SIBIYA SABATHILE 21537206