Poultry Viral Arthritis and Avian Encephalomyelitis Overview
Learn about viral arthritis and avian encephalomyelitis, two diseases affecting poultry, their symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods. Understand the impact on young chicks, laying hens, and meat-type chickens. Explore insights from Dr. Harith Abdulla at the University of Basrah.
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poultry diseases fourth stage Viral Arthritis + Avian Encephalomyelitis Dr.Harith Abdulla Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease College of veterinary medicine university of Basrah University of Basrah- College of veterinary medicine- Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease
Is viral infection of poultry which affects synovial membrane, tendon sheaths, and tendon of meat- type chickens, and occasionally turkeys. Etiology: Reovirus. Morbidity Transmission: 1. Fecal contamination. 2. Vertical and lateral transmission. 3. Birds remain carriers for over 250 days. Morbidity is high but mortality is low.
1- Age : 4 -8 weeks old. 2- Lameness. 3-Inflammation at hock joint. 4-Swelling of tendon sheaths. 5- Rupture of gastrocnemius tendons. 6-Greenish discoloration of skin at the affected joint. a- Unilateral. b- Bilateral.
1. Swelling and inflammation of tendon sheaths. 2. Foot pad swelling. 3. Articular cartilages may be ulcerated. 4.The hock contains small amount of straw- colored blood-tinted exudate ,sometime purulent exudate. Diagnosis: 1. History. 2. Lesions. 3. Isolation 4. Serology.
1. Mycoplasmosis. 2. Salmonellosis. 3. Marek s Disease ( Nervous form ) 4. Pasteurellosis ( Chronic Fowl Cholera ). 5. Colibacillosis ( Synovitis ). 6. Vitamin D Deficiency . Treatment Prevention 1. Vaccination. 2. All-in / all-out production systems. Treatment : : None Prevention : : None
Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE) { Epidemic Tremor } Viral infection of young chicks and laying hens , characterized by ataxia , tremor of head and neck paralysis in young chicks and sudden drop in egg production for 4 5 days in laying hens. It is a disease of the CNS of chickens,pheasants,turkeys,and quail. Etiology :- Picornavirus,
Epidemiology: 1. Transmitted through eggs laid by infected hens for up to 1 month ( vertical transmission), or transovarian transmission. 2.Lateral transmission also occurs by the oral route. Incubation period : 9 21 days . Method of spread :- 1. Egg transmission . 2. Contact . 3. Vaccination .
Clinical signs in chicks : A. Age: May be at hatch time or delayed for 2-3 weeks.{ occurs in the first 3 weeks of age }. Most commonly appear at 7 10 days . B. Nervous signs: 1. Ataxia , birds fall from side to side . 2. Tremor of head and neck . 3. Lateral recumbancy and paralysis . 4. Opacity of lens after 8-10 weeks.
Clinical Sings in hens 1-Transient ( 4 5 days ) drop in egg production . 2-Egg production drops 10 20 % or may be 40% 3- Opacity of lens Morbidity and mortality : Morbidity , 5_ 60% depending on the immune status of the parents, mortality may be high. Hens : Negligible . Post mortem lesions Gross lesions are mild or absent. 1.There may be white focal areas in the gizzard muscle. 2. Few recovered birds may develop CATARACT. (OPACITY). Lesions are mainly microscopic .
Diagnosis : 1. History . 2. Signs . 3. Histopathology : Lesions may not be visible in acute cases . The most diagnostic lesions occur in the brain with the central chromatolysis and perivascular cuffing . 4. Isolation of virus in the embryonating eggs : Lesions consist of stunted , curled embryos , and atrophy of leg muscles . 5. Serology : ELISA , serum neutralization .
1. Vitamin E deficiency usually occurs over 3 weeks (Encephalomalacia) . 2. Marek s Disease { nervous form } usually seen at 14 weeks . 3. Newcastle Disease {nervous form } . 4. Rickets : Inability to move around . 5. Vitamin B1 and B2 deficiency . { B1 stargazing }. 6. Mycotic Encephalitis : Generally occurs after 3 weeks of age . Differential diagnosis :
Treatment : No treatment Prevention: 1. Vaccination . Vaccination of breeder hens or commercial layers passive immunity prevent disease in baby chicks . Vaccinate after 7 weeks of age with killed vaccine . 2. Isolation of infected flocks .
