Practical Simulation Framework of BLE Neighbor Discovery
Explore the practical scenario of the Offline Lost-Device Owner Finding Network (OFN) system using BLE Neighbor Discovery technology. Dive into the discovery process, desired output specifications, barriers faced, and solutions for optimizing deterministic simulations. Enhance your understanding with real-world examples and case projections.
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Presentation Transcript
Blender: Toward Practical Simulation Framework of BLE Neighbor Discovery Yukuan Ding, Tong Li, Jiaxin Liang, Dan Wang
A Practical Scenario: the OFN Example: Apple s AirTag Image Source: https://www.apple.com/hk/en/airtag/ The Offline Lost-Device s Owner Finding Network (OFN) System Lost-Device GPS Wi-Fi Cellular
A Practical Scenario: the OFN Widely Spread Scanner Devices Cloud Server Lost-Device s Owner Lost-Device 1.Device Identifier 2.Location Information 3.Notification
The Discovery Process Advertising Sequence ?? ?? ?? Scanner Device Lost-Device (Advertiser) ? ??,?? ?? ?? ?1 ?0 Scanning Sequence ?? Radio Range Discovery Latency ? ??,??: time from range-entrance event to discovery event Depending on the range-entrance case {??,??} The Range- Entrance Event
Desired Output Advertising Sequence ?? ?? ?? 0.8 CDF ? ??,?? p-80 latency ?? ?? Latency ?1 ?0 Scanning Sequence ?? ?-percentile latency ?? Apparently, ?? 0,??,?? 0,?? OR probability ?% so that ? < ??
Barriers before Retrieving Results Large Number of Range-Entrance Cases (i.e., {??,??} pairs) 1 Random sampling has drawbacks Unknown suitable sample size Resulting in non-deterministic output 2
Solutions Optimizing Deterministic Simulation Simulation with Case-Projection Brute-Force Simulation {??,??} e.g., ??= 0,?? 0,?? {??,??} ?? 0,??,?? 0,?? Base Cases Single-Case Simulation Latency of Selected Cases Single-Case Simulation (e.g., timeline traversal) Case Projection All Latency Values/PDF Latency Values/PDF of All Cases
Solutions Basis and Examples of Case-Projection Advertising Sequence ?? ?? ?? ??+? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???= ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? Scanning Sequence ?? Case 1: Case 2: Case 3: ? 0,??1 = ?? ? 0,??2 = ??+ ?? ? ??3,??3 = ??+ ??3
Barriers before Retrieving Results Large Number of Range-Entrance Cases (i.e., {??,??} pairs) 1 Random sampling has drawbacks Unknown suitable sample size Resulting in non-deterministic output Practical Scenarios are Far from Ideality 2 Discovery latency is affected by stochastic factors of environment: e.g., Possible loss in wireless transmission mechanism: the ???_????? in BLE
Solutions Simulation with Packet Loss What Happens with Loss (e.g., each discovery failure is i.i.d under Binary Distribution) ?? ??? ? ? = ??1= 1 ????? No loss at ?? ?? ?? ?? Loss at ?? ? ? = ??2= ????? 1 ????? ??? ?? ?? ? 1 1 ????? Given ??,??,?????, we have ??= {???,???,???, }, where ? ? = ???= ?????
Solutions Simulation with BLE Random Advertising Delay What Happens with ???_?????(Example with an ???_????? of 4 time units) ? ? = ??1= ?.? ?? ??? ? ? = ??2= ?.? ??? ??? ? ? = ??3= ?.? ?? ?? ? ? = ??4= ?.? ?.? ?? ?? ? ? = ??5= ?.? ?.? + ?.? ?.? ? ? = ??6= ?.? ?.? + ?.? ?.? ?? ?? ??
Solutions When Blending the Stochastic Factors Together ???_????? of 1 time units ?? ?? w/o loss Probability Distribution of ?? s Position ??? ?? ??+1 ?? ?? ?? loss ??+1 ?? ??
Evaluation Setup & Results ??= 5120?? ??= 512?? Parameter Configuration ??= 1860?? Ideal Simulation Real-World Measurement (with Android BLE) Comparison Environmental Factors (e.g., loss rate) ??= 2050?? Practical Simulation
Conclusion and Future Work We developed a practical simulation framework that can simulate BLE and BLE-like neighbor discovery process take full consideration of the range-entrance event produce determined distribution of discovery latency involve the stochastic factors in practical cases Future Works Integrate more factors/variants of existing factors Accelerate Case-Projection
