Principles of Pharmacy Practice: Dosage Calculation and Patient Parameters
Learn about dosage calculation principles in pharmacy practice for patients of different age groups, including pediatrics and geriatrics. Understand the factors affecting drug dosing based on age, body weight, and patient parameters. Explore practical examples and guidelines for determining medication doses in neonates, infants, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. Enhance your knowledge of pharmaceutical formulations and dosage administration for optimal patient care.
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Principles of pharmacy practice Lec 1 Lecturer Dr Athmar Dhahir Habeeb Al-Shohani PhD in industrial pharmacy and pharmaceutical formulations athmar1978@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq athmar1978@yahoo.com athmar.habeeb.12@ucl.ac.uk
Calculation of Doses: Patient Parameters Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with disease in children from birth through adolescence. Because of the range development in this inclusive groups are defined further as follows: 1. neonate (newborn), from birth to 1 month; 2. infant, 1 month to 1 year; 3. early childhood, 1 year through 5 years; 4. late childhood, 6 years through 12 years; 5. adolescence, 13 years through 17 years of age. A neonate is considered premature if born at less than 37 weeks gestation. in age population, and bodily the patient
Geriatric Patients Geriatric medicine or geriatrics is the field that encompasses the management of illness in the elderly. Drug Dosage Based on Age The age of the patient is a consideration in the determination of drug dosage. Neonates have immature hepatic and renal functions that affect drug response. The elderly, in addition to diminished organ function, frequently have issues of concomitant pathologies and increased sensitivities to drugs. Various rules of dosage in which the pediatric dose was a fraction of the adult dose, based on relative age, were created for youngsters (e.g., Young s rule).
An over-the-counter cough remedy contains 120 mg of dextromethorphan in a 60-mL bottle of product. The label states the dose as 11 2 teaspoonfuls for a child 6 years of age. How many milligrams of dextromethorphan are contained in the child s dose?
Currently, when age is considered in determining dosage of a potent therapeutic agent, it is used generally in conjunction with another factor, such as weight. From the data in Table calculate the dosage range for digoxin for a 20-month-old infant weighing 6.8 kg.
Drug Dosage Based on Body Weight In some cases, the usual dose is expressed as a specific quantity of drug per unit of patient weight, such as milligrams of drug per kilogram of body weight (abbreviated mg/kg). Dosing in this manner makes the quantity of drug administered specific to the weight of the patient being treated.
The usual initial dose of chlorambucil is 150 mcg/kg of body weight. How many administered to a person weighing 154 lb.? milligrams should be
Drug Dosage Based on Body Surface Area The body surface area (BSA) method of calculating drug doses is widely used for two types of patient groups: cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and pediatric patients, with neonates, who are usually dosed on a weight basis with consideration of age and a variety of biochemical, physiologic, functional, pathologic, and immunologic factors. A useful equation for the calculation of dose based on BSA is: the general exception of
Nomograms Most BSA calculations use a standard nomogram, which includes both weight and height. Nomograms for children and adults are shown in the following tables. The BSA of an individual is determined by drawing a straight line connecting the person s height and weight. The point at which the line intersects the center column indicates the person s BSA in square meters.
Nomogram for Determination of Body Surface Area from Height and Weight
