Privatization Impact on Cambodian Education
Explore the hidden aspects of privatization in Cambodia's public education system, shedding light on the hybridization of public and private schooling and its equity implications. Dive into the world of shadow education, extra study programs, and the combination of mainstream public and private schooling in Cambodia.
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Presentation Transcript
The Hidden Privatization of Public Education in Cambodia William C. Brehm, This Life Cambodia Iveta Silova, Lehigh University
Main Points Shadow education reaches its conceptual limit when looking at the main type of private tutoring in Cambodia The hybridization of public and private school has serious equity impacts for society
Mainstream Schooling Shadow Education Enrichment High-stakes Testing preparation Remedial class
Cambodian Private Tutoring Public-Private Education Shadow Education Extra Study (to finish curriculum, supplement salary, provide space for new pedagogies?) Extra Study during holidays Extra Special Study (Enrichment/Remedial) Private tutoring schools (High-stakes testing centers) English/French extra study (Enrichment)
Mainstream education in Cambodia is a combination of public and private school
1. Shared Costs 2. Split Curriculum 3. Combined Time
You learn 50 percent in government school and 50 percent in private tutoring. - Grade 9 Student
Government school is 4 or 5 hours per day. Yet, many students study 8 or 9 hours per day.
A public-private system of education impacts: ACHIEVEMENT VALUES SOCIETY
Average monthly score for Lower Secondary School students in urban area 9 8 8.3 Average score (out of 10 points) 7 7.42 6.87 6 5 4 Private tutoring students 3.76 3.64 Non-private tutoring students 3.5 3 2 1 0 Mathematics n= 58 (one class) Chemistry n=95 (two classes) Khmer n=90 (two classes)
Out of 444 students in 6 schools 59 percent attended private tutoring
I want to attend private tutoring because I don t want other students to look down on me as I am not smart. Grade 6 Student
Conclusions When education is treated like a commodity, the hybridization of public and private schooling is possible. Education as an individual good instead of a public good changes the social contract between government and citizen.
Conclusions Private tutoring is not a shadow of mainstream schooling only It is a major mechanism/manifestation of privatization of public education New conceptualizations of private tutoring are needed to further our understanding of the impact and implications of private tutoring as a form of privatization of public education.
