PROBLEMS OF PREGNANCY
Problem of pregnancy arises due to diseases of the fetal membranes, such as Cystic Chorion (Mole). In this condition, the fetus is deceased in the first month of pregnancy, while the placenta remains alive and continues to develop. Key characteristics include the formation of mucous without a cavity, an active Corpus luteum, and the potential progression to pus accumulation. Hydatidiform mole may occur, where the placenta's surface becomes cystic like a grape.
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PROBLEMS OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because fetal membranes diseases Disease of chorion 1. Cystic chorion (Mole) in this case the fetus dead (first month of pregnancy) but the placenta still live and continue for developing This case characterize with: Formation of mucous without cavity Corpus luteum stay active May be this case progress to accumulation of pus In some cases the surface of placenta become cystic like grape which is called hydatiform mole
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Diagnosis Rectal palpation (cystic form, mucous and corpus luteum) Treatment In this case we can treat it by PGF2 Evacuation of mucous from uterus after induce dilatation in cervix Antibiotic to remove any infection
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Fetal membranes disease Disease of chorion 2- Hydropsy of the chorion Characterize with thickness in the chorion and may reach 10 cm This hydropsy occur as a result of defect in blood circulation especially in venous circulation of chorio-allantois This case occur with: Brucellosis Placenta inflammation Umbilical cord torsion Trauma
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Fetal membranes disease Disease of allantois - Hydrops allantois Abnormal accumulation of allantois fluid which may reach 40-160 liter which lead distension in uterus and abdomen Related with uterus and placenta diseases and some times with twining Fast in formation (take 5-20 day) especially in the last three month of pregnancy The uterus show hydrops, necrosis, abnormal distribution and size of placentomes and adventitious placenta may be present
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Fetal membranes disease Disease of allantois - Hydrops allantois Rectally: we cant detect the fetus and the placentomes Symptoms: distension in abdomen, loss of appetite, decreasing in respiratory rate and movement Sequelae: either the animal dead before parturition (pressure of fluid) or the animal still live if spontaneous abortion occurred, the future of fertility is bad Treatment: induce abortion through dexamethasone or estrogen
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Fetal membranes disease Disease of amnion - Hydrops amnion Abnormal accumulation of amnion fluid which may reach 8-10 times more than normal Related with fetal diseases and fetal genetic anomalies Slow in formation especially after the 3ed and 4thmonth of pregnancy The case may be continue till the time of parturition
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Fetal membranes disease Disease of amnion - Hydrops amnion Rectally: we can palpate the fetus and the placentomes Symptoms: moderate distension in abdomen, elongation in gestation length, during abortion or parturition appear abnormal quantity and viscosity of amnion fluid Sequelae: either spontaneous abortion occur, elongation in gestation length, the fetus in high percentage dead (anomaly), the future fertility is good. Treatment: induce abortion through dexamethasone or estrogen
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Early embryonic death Dead of the zygote or blastocyst or the early embryo before the formation of skeletal system and this dead fetus absorbed by uterus this case may occur during the first 2 month of pregnancy Causes 1. Microbial infection (bacteria, virus, trichomonas) 2. Hormonal defect (deficiency in progesterone or LH or increasing in estrogen) 3. Twining or overcrowding 4. Nutritional defect (vitamins, minerals and protein)
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Early embryonic death Causes 5. Immunological causes 6. Chromosomal aberration in case of ageing sperms or ova 7. Genetic factor which lead to a defect in in fetus 8. Trauma (severe rectal palpation)
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Early embryonic death Time of embryonic loss If the death occur before the maternal recognition the animal return to estrus normally If the death occur after the maternal recognition the estrus delay to return (one month or more) If the death occur after day 40 in mare the estrus delay till day 150 of pregnancy
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Early embryonic death Diagnosis (rectally) Fetal fluid fewer than suspected The fetal membrane is dry The uterus and its content differ from suspected The amniotic vesicle is not stretch Treatment Induce luteolysis by PGF2 if the death occur after maternal recognition otherwise the estrus return normally
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Mummification Dead of fetus after the mid or the last third period of pregnancy (after ossification) The fetal tissue lysed and remain like a mass There is no any infection All the fetal fluid absorbed The uterine involute The corpus luteum persist and the cervix close We can see in case of twining (one of them normal while the other mummified
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Mummification Two type of mummification Hematic: if there is any bleeding between the placenta and fetus, the mass colored with brownish red color after absorption of this blood Papyraceous: if there no any bleeding, and after absorption of fetal fluid this mass remain as a dry mass like papers
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Mummification Causes Nutritional Genetic Umbilical cord torsion Separation between caruncles and cotyledons Bleeding Twining
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Mummification Diagnosis According to the case history (cow) the pregnancy in 9th month but the observation reveal the following The uterus suspended in pelvic brim and smaller than expect The fetus smaller than expect and like solid mass No any fluid No any placentomes No any thrilling Corpus luteum on ovary The cervix closed
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Mummification Treatment Induce abortion (PGF2 , estrogen) Caesarean operation
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal maceration Dead of fetus after the mid or the last third period of pregnancy (after ossification) Because of some thing a failure in occurrence of abortion The fetal tissue lysed and infected with bacterial infection There is a discharge include pus, tissues and some time bones The cervix is open No any systemic symptoms
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal maceration Causes Trichomonas Failure in abortion Fetal death Diagnosis Discharge from the uterus with tissues and pus Distributed bones inside the uterus
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal maceration Treatment We cant abort these animals (distributed bones) We can do caesarean operation but the presence of pus may be decrease the chance of healing
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal emphysema Dead of fetus after the mid or the last third period of pregnancy (after ossification) Because of some thing a failure in occurrence of abortion The cervix open The fetal tissue infected with bacterial infection The fetal tissue lysed and at first time accumulate gases in its tissues Gas accumulation continue for 3-7 days after that the maceration occur
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal emphysema Causes Failure in abortion or failure in parturition (cervix dilatation, birth canal stenosis, abnormal uterine contraction, abnormal presentation) Diagnosis Abdominal contraction Reddish uterine discharge with bad odor Systemic symptoms (temperature, respiration and heart rate) Rectally oversize fetus and accumulation of gas in the surface of fetus
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Fetal emphysema Treatment Traction of fetus Induce dilatation of cervix Lubrication to assist traction of fetus Caesarean operation (but the presence of infection may be decrease the chance of healing )
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Abortion The finishing of pregnancy before complete its normal period Some time the fetus live and some time dead Presence all the requirement for expulsion the fetus (cervix dilatation, uterine contraction) lead to fetal expulsion There is a defect for fetal expulsion the fetus develop to another case Maceration Emphysematous
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Abortion Causes Non infectious causes 1- chemicals and drugs or toxins 2- hormonal disturbance 3- Nutritional causes 4- chromosomes and genetic 5- physical causes 6- twining
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Abortion Causes Infectious causes A. Specific 1- brucellosis 2- vibriosis 3- trichomonas B. Non-specific Bacteria or virus or another organism
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Twining Unwanted in uniparous animals (cow, mare) Abortion Early embryonic death The fertility of next fertilization will be decrease Premature parturition Dystocia Puerperium problems (retained placenta, septic metritis and uterine prolapse
PROBLEM OF PREGNANCY Problem of pregnancy because of fetus Twining Causes Environmental Age of dam Early mating after parturition Sire effect Hormonal Genetic
