Proposal for Efficient MAC Control Signals in Low-Rate O-QPSK Narrowband PHYs

This document presents a proposal for efficient MAC control signals suitable for a baseline feature set supported by low-rate O-QPSK narrowband PHYs. It discusses interference mitigation techniques, coexistence improvement, backward compatibility, link budget enhancements, and more, focusing on improving accuracy, reliability, and interoperability for high-integrity ranging while reducing complexity and power consumption. The proposed solution includes compressed PSDUs for initializing multi-millisecond ranging modes, enhancing discovery and connection setup mechanisms, supporting streaming at higher data rates, and synchronization with infrastructure.

• MAC control
• O-QPSK
• PHYs
• Interference mitigation
• Coexistence improvement

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1. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details] Date Submitted: [May 17, 2023] Source: [Alexander Krebs, Robert Golshan, Moche Cohen, Sandeep Khare, Vinod Venkatesan, Santhosh Kumar Mani, Xiliang Luo, Yong Liu, Lochan Verma, Jinjing Jiang, SK Yong (Apple)] Email: [a_krebs, rgolshan, ] @apple.com Re: [Input to the Working Group] Abstract: [Proposal of efficient MAC control signals suitable for a baseline feature set supported by low-rate O-QPSK narrowband PHYs.] Purpose: [] Notice: discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 1 Krebs et al. (Apple)

2. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> PAR Objective Safeguards so that the high throughput data use cases will not cause significant disruption to low duty-cycle ranging use cases Interference mitigation techniques to support higher density and higher traffic use cases Other coexistence improvement Backward compatibility with enhanced ranging capable devices (ERDEVs) Improved link budget and/or reduced air-time Additional channels and operating frequencies Improvements to accuracy / precision / reliability and interoperability for high-integrity ranging Reduced complexity and power consumption Hybrid operation with narrowband signaling to assist UWB Proposed Solution (how addressed) Compressed PSDUs to initialize multi-millisecond ranging mode for NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDUs to initialize multi-millisecond ranging mode for NBA-UWB MMS Enhanced native discovery and connection setup mechanisms Sensing capabilities to support presence detection and environment mapping Low-power low-latency streaming Higher data-rate streaming allowing at least 50 Mbit/s of throughput Support for peer-to-peer, peer-to-multi-peer, and station-to- infrastructure protocols Infrastructure synchronization mechanisms NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 2 Krebs et al. (Apple)

3. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Agenda 1. Generic PSDU concept 1. Privacy protected addresses 2. Message Control classes and versions 3. Discovery, initialization, setup overview 2. Specific PSDU definitions 1. PSDUs 2. Fields NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 3 Krebs et al. (Apple)

4. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Generic PSDU Concepts NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 4 Krebs et al. (Apple)

5. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Compressed PSDU: Format Proposal Generic compressed PSDU format 1-octet PSDU ID (0-127, 128-255 reserved for 2-octet extension, ) Remaining PSDU content is ID specific NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 5 Krebs et al. (Apple)

6. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Privacy Protected Addresses Static MAC address in message header has privacy Resolvable Private Address (RPA) protects against tracking IdentityResolvingKey[16] (IRK) is commonly known to PAN participants only prand[3] transmitted in POLL/ADV-POLL every ranging block hash[3] = AES-128-ECB(key=IRK[3], data=(0x000 [13] || prand[3])) every packet POLL and ADV-POLL Other packets NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 6 Krebs et al. (Apple)

7. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Message Control MessageControl[1] defines following of payload High nibble: 16 submessage (incl. 1 for generic error codes), for example: Low nibble: 16 versions (backward compatible) of message content, for example: octets: 1 3/6 1 ID RPA Msg Ctl 0x00-0x7f 0x 0-f 0-f 16 16 message: POLL, RESPONSE, REPORT, variants: RTT/TAT, secure ranging, AoA, versions: standard resolution, enhanced resolution, backward compatible NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 7 Krebs et al. (Apple)

8. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Baltimore Refresher: MMS Initialization & Setup [3] Discovery Channel(s) time offset ADV POLL ADV POLL ADV POLL SOR Initiator Responder SCAN SCAN ADV RESP time Ranging Channel(s) PO LL REP ORT Initiator UWB RANGING Responder RE SP REP ORT NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 8 Krebs et al. (Apple)

9. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> MMS Initialization & Setup ADV-POLL MsgCtl=0x00: Supported Message Control List (SMCL) Use Initiator enlists self supported MsgCtls Responder picks one MsgCtl (Responder version <= Initiator version) to be used later in ADV-RESP, SOR, POLL, RESP, REPORT optional features negotiation Future feature improvements and addons ID Ex.: 0x02, 0x34, 0x56 0x01 means: Initiator supports MsgCtl=0x30-0x34 and 0x50-0x56 Msg Ctl RPA hash RPA prand (Adv-Poll) SM CL 0x00 CRC16 Len (Supported Message Control List) address space for backward compatible versions of 0x00 0x01-0f unused/free address space 0x10-ef error codes (tbd.) 0xf0-ff NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 9 Krebs et al. (Apple)

10. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> MMS Initialization & Setup Advertising Response (ADV-RESP) MsgCtl 0x00: Setup Request: Responder requests UNII-3/5 NB channel map, and MMS MAC PHY parameters Start-of-Ranging (SOR) MsgCtl 0x00: Setup Response: Same format as ADV-RESP adding TimeOffset and ChannelSeed fields Initiator sets configuration for NBA-UWB MMS session and starts POLL after TimeOffset and switching channels Initiator picks configuration that is supported in responder s supported feature set and regulatory constraint (-> pairing not in scope here) ID 0x02 Msg Ctl RPA hash (Adv-Resp) UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg 0x00 NB Channel Select UWB PHY Config CRC16 NB MAC Config (Setup Request v0) 0x01-0f address space for backward compatible operation with 0x00 (Setup Request v1-15) unused/free address space 0x10-ef error codes (tbd.) 0xf0-ff NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 10 Krebs et al. (Apple)

11. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> NBA-MMS UWB PSDU Definitions NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 11 Krebs et al. (Apple)

12. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Advertising Poll (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x01: ADV-POLL ) 3-octet RPA hash + 3-byte RPA prand 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00: MessageContent = Len[SupportedMessageControlList] and SupportedMessageControlList=[0x00] 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 12 Krebs et al. (Apple)

13. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Advertising Response (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x02: ADV-RESP ) 3-octet private address (RPA prand known from ADV-POLL) 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00 (Setup Request): Responder requests set of MMS ranging parameters 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 13 Krebs et al. (Apple)

14. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Start of Ranging (MsgCtl=0x00) Same format as ADV-RESP 1-octet message ID (0x03: SOR ) 3-octet private address (RPA prand known from ADV-POLL) 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00 (Setup Response): Initiator sets full set of MMS configuration parameters (same fields as ADV-RESP) Time Offset: Number of chips between end of SOR and beginning of first ranging block Channel Seed: initializes channel switching function 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 14 Krebs et al. (Apple)

15. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> MMS Ranging: POLL, RESP, REPORT ID 0x04 (Poll) Msg Ctl RPA hash RPA prand CRC16 0x00 0x0000 0x05 Msg Ctl RPA hash (Response) 0x0000000000 CRC16 0x00 0x06/0x07 Msg Ctl RPA hash (Report Init./Resp.) PT Len TAT/RTT CRC16 0x00 PTData MsgCtl=0x00 (Variant: Unencrypted SS-TWR NBA-UWB MMS , Version 0) 12 bytes providing 576us total packet airtime @ 250k O-QPSK Turn-around-time (TAT) of Responder ( T_Reply in 4z) / Round-trip-time (RTT) of Initiator ( T_Round in 4z) Dynamically present, variable length arbitrary pass-through data (PTData) for providing minimal bi-directional data exchange functionality between MMS applications (higher layer) Slide 15 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Krebs et al. (Apple)

16. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Poll (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x04: POLL ) 3-octet RPA hash + 3-byte RPA prand Initiator may reset prand every every ranging block to obtain new RPA hash 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00: MessageContent = [0x00, 0x00], i.e., two octets for CFO estimation 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 16 Krebs et al. (Apple)

17. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Response (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x05: RESP ) 3-octet RPA hash (prand known from POLL) 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00: MessageContent = [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00], i.e., 5 octets for CFO estimation 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 17 Krebs et al. (Apple)

18. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Initiator Report (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x06: REPORT Initiator) 3-octet private session address (RPA prand known from POLL) 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00: MessageContent = RTT[5] + PTLen[1] + PTData[PTLen] Round-Trip-Time (RTT), 5 octets at resolution 1ps => range up to ~1s PTLen and PTData piggy-back up to 32 octets pass-through data to higher layer per-message optional field presence controlled by PHR Len 12-44 octets, 576-1600 us total packet duration @ 250k, or 380-892us @ 500k K=7 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 18 Krebs et al. (Apple)

19. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Responder Report (MsgCtl=0x00) 1-octet message ID (0x07: REPORT Responder) 3-octet private session address (RPA prand known from POLL) 1-octet message control, setting the following message content 0x00: MessageContent = TAT[5] + PTLen[1] + PTData[PTLen] Turn-Around-Time (TAT) at resolution 1ps PTLen and PTData piggy-back up to 32 octets pass-through data to higher layer per-message optional field presence controlled by PHR Len 12-44 octets, 576-1600 us total packet duration @ 250k, or 380-892us @ 500k K=7 2-octet CRC16 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 19 Krebs et al. (Apple)

20. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> NBA-MMS UWB PSDU Fields NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 20 Krebs et al. (Apple)

21. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Start-of-Ranging: Time Offset 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits Description Time Offset 32 Time offset in 1/499.2MHz resolution between end of SOR packet and beginning of first POLL packet of starting ranging session. Range: 0 to ~8.6 seconds NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 21 Krebs et al. (Apple)

22. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: Channel Seed 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits 8 Description NB Channel Seed 0-255: Sets key for switching function AES-128-ECB(key=Seed, ) referred to in section 1.4.3 (input MSBs zero-padded) NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 22 Krebs et al. (Apple)

23. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: Channel Select 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name NB Channel Selection Length in bits 16 Description Bits 0-1: UNII-3 border channel exclusion {0, 1, 3, 7}: Number of NB channels excluded from NBChannelAllowList counting from both lower and upper border of UNII-3 channels 0-49 Bits 2-4: UNII-5 low-side channel exclusion {0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127}: Number of NB channels excluded from NBChannelAllowList counting from lower border of UNII-5 starting at channel 50. Bits 5-7: UNII-5 high-side channel exclusion {0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127}: Number of NB channels excluded from NBChannelAllowList counting from upper border of UNII-5 starting at channel 249 Bits 8-12: low-side channel start offset (0-31): Number of NB channels excluded from NBChannelAllowList, extending on the exclusion signaled, counting from the lowermost included channels included after bits 0-4. Applies to both UNII-3 and UNII-5. Bits 13-15: Channel skip length {0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127}: Number of channels periodically excluded after each first allowed channel following bits 0-12 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 23 Krebs et al. (Apple)

24. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: UWB PHY Config 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits 24 Description UWB PHY Config Bits 0-5: Preamble Code Indexes {9, , 48} if (9 <= Preamble Code Index <= 32) { Bits 6-12: Reserved } elseif (33 <= Preamble Code Index <= 48) { Bits 6-12: RSF complementary set zeros {0, , 64} } Bits 13-15: N_MSR {32, 40, 48, 64, 128, 256} Bits 16-17: STS Segment Length x512 {32, 64, 128, 256} Bits 18-21: UWB channel 1-16 Bits 22-23: Reserved NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 24 Krebs et al. (Apple)

25. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: UWB MAC Config 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits 8 Description UWB MAC Config Bits 0-2: {0,1,2,4,8,16} X RSFs Bits 3-5: {0,1,2,4,8} Y RIFs Bits 6: {1ms/2ms} Z RSF-to-RIF gap Bits 7: reserved NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 25 Krebs et al. (Apple)

26. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: NB PHY Config 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits 8 Description NB PHY Config Sets O-QPSK PHY #1-#10 in section [2] {#1: 250k uncoded, , #10} Bits 0-3: NB Control Phase Bits 4-7: NB Report Phase NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 26 Krebs et al. (Apple)

27. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Setup: NB MAC Config 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x02 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select CRC16 RPA hash NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Adv-Resp) 0x00 (Setup Request) 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 7 2 0x03 UWB MAC Cfg NB PHY Cfg ID Msg Ctl NB Channel Select Chan Seed CRC16 RPA hash Time Offset NB MAC Config UWB PHY Config (Start-of-Ranging) 0x00 (Setup Response) Field name Length in bits 56 Description NB MAC Config Bits 0-2: Ranging Slot Duration {300, 600, , 2400} RSTUs Bits 3-10: Ranging Round Duration 0-255 ranging slots Bits 11-18: Ranging Block Duration 0-255 ranging rounds Bits 19: Channel Switching: 0=Disabled, 1=Blockwise Bits 20: Measurement Report Request: 0=No, 1=Yes Bits 21-23: Reserved Bits 24-27: RcpPollSlots=0-15 Bits 28-31: RcpResponseSlots=0-15 Bits 32-43: RpDuration=0-4095 Bits 44-47: RpOffset=0-15 Bits 48-51: MrpFirstSlots=0-15 Bits 52-55: MrpSecondSlots=0-15 NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 27 Krebs et al. (Apple)

28. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> Summary Presented compressed PSDU concepts Resolveable Private Address (RPA) allows Initiator to rotate addresses regularly protect user s privacy Message Control allows feature specific PSDU content and future backward compatible operation among standardized NBA-MMS-UWB devices Supported Message Control List handshakes use case dynamic parameters, such as ranging block length, NB channels to use, and most recently supported MsgCtl Presented PSDUs for NBA-UWB MMS SS-TWR (unencrypted) One MsgCtl (0x00) each for ADV-POLL, ADV-RESP, SOR, POLL, RESP, REPORT Independent data rates for control and report phase Increased timestamp resolution over 15.4z Up to 32 bytes of pass-through data to higher layer application functions NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 28 Krebs et al. (Apple)

29. May 2023 doc.: <15-23-0258-02-04ab> References [1] A. Krebs et al., NBA-MMS-UWB Compressed PSDU , 15-22-0604-00- 04ab. [2] X. Luo (Apple), F. Leong (NXP), M. Lee (Samsung Electronics), et al., NBA-UWB Technical Framework Proposal , 15-22-0262-01-04ab. [3] A. Krebs (Apple), L. Huang (Huawei), et al., NBA-UWB ranging text proposal for 15.4ab TFD , 15-22-0381-03-04ab. NBA-UWB MMS Compressed PSDU Details Slide 29 Krebs et al. (Apple)