Protein: Composition, Functions, Classification, and Sources
Explore the world of proteins, the essential building blocks of our bodies. Learn about their composition, functions, classification, and sources to understand the importance of including protein-rich foods in your diet for optimal health and well-being.
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Presentation Transcript
Protein The building blocks of our bodies
We will learn about : Composition - how proteins are made Functions - what they do in our bodies - enzymes and what they do Classification - how proteins are classified Sources - how much we need and where we can get it Deficiency the things that can happen if we don t eat enough protein
The Composition of Protein Protein is made up of a chain of different shaped amino acids (like beads). They are joined together by peptide links. We have twenty amino acids but the sequencing or order of them along a chain and the shape that the chain makes means that thousands of different proteins can be made. Think how many things can be made from thousands of twenty types of beads.
The Composition of Protein Protein is different from all the other nutrient because it contains nitrogen. All of our cells need nitrogen for growth and repair.
The Composition of Protein When we eat foods containing proteins they are broken back down to amino acids by our digestive system. Enzymes, which are types of proteins, help to speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. An enzyme cuts the peptide links and breaks the chains, releasing the amino acids. These can then be used to make new chains, which form new shapes and make new proteins.
The Classification of Protein As we said there are twenty amino acids. Our bodies can make most of them but there are nine that we need to get from food as our bodies can t make them. These are called essential amino acids because it s essential or necessary for us to have them in our diets. That s why it s important for us to eat foods with different types of amino acids or proteins. High biological value proteins High biological value proteins - - foods that contain all or most of the essential amino acids. These mainly come from animal sources. Low biological value proteins Low biological value proteins foods that contain only some of the essential amino acids that we need. These mainly come from plant sources. We need a good mix of these foods to get all of your essential amino diets.
Sources of Protein LBV Beans Peas Lentils Nuts Wholegrain cereals HBV Meat Fish Eggs Cheese Milk Yogurt Soya beans Meat alternatives
How much protein is in my food? How Much Protein is in Food? Grams per Grams per 100g 100g HBV Foods with complete HBV Foods with complete proteins proteins Grams per Grams per Ave. Ave. Serving Serving 25 25 LBV Foods with incomplete proteins Grams per Ave. Serving Grams per 100g 25 25 Tofu 13 13 Chicken/Turkey Breast Chicken/Turkey Breast Chickpeas (boiled) 8 7 25 25 Tuna/Salmon Tuna/Salmon 20 20 Oats (cooked with milk) 7 11 20 20 Beef Steak/Pork Chop Beef Steak/Pork Chop 20 20 Lentils (boiled) 7 6 12 12 Soya Beans (boiled) Soya Beans (boiled) 20 20 Cashew Nuts 6 20 25 25 Cheese (Average) Cheese (Average) 10 10 3/4 3/4 Milk Milk 8 8 Peanut Butter 4 26 Brocoli 3 4 14 14 Egg Egg 7 7 Brown Rice (boiled) 2 3 4 4 Yogurt Yogurt 5 5
How Much Do We Need? Reference Intake for Adults Adults need at least 0.75 g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Weight 67 kg Daily Protein Intake = 50 g Weight 80 kg Daily Protein Intake = 60 g
How Much Do We Need? Children and teenagers need more protein than adults because they are growing. Age 4-10 20 g to 30 g protein per day Age 15-18 55 g protein per day Age 15-18 45 g protein per day
How Much Do We Need? Older adults, babies and pregnant and breast feeding women need more protein too. BTW- it is possible to eat too much protein. We can t store it so we have to get rid of the nitrogen in it and that can be hard on our bodies. How much and when you eat protein is important. Protein should be included in all our meals.
Why Do We Need Protein? Functions Protein really is the building block of our bodies. It has many vital functions. It gives tissues and organs their shape and also helps them work the way they should. Protein is needed for growth and repair- all body cells need protein to multiply and repair. Our muscles, tissues, blood, bones, skin, hair and nails are all built from proteins. Protein is needed for the production of important substances that we need to function; hormones and enzymes. Protein is used in the production of antibodies that protect us. Protein that is not used for building ,repairing, helping to make our bodies work or protecting us is used to generate heat and energy.
Not Enough Protein! We eat protein, break it down and use it to make new types of protein that we need for the growth, repair, functioning and protection of our bodies. It is important to include enough protein in the diet. A protein deficiency (not enough protein) can cause mild to serious problems.
Symptoms of Protein Deficiency! Muscle wasting Hair loss or breakage Weak and brittle nails Poor wound healing Hormone and enzyme imbalances
References Slide 1 - https://www.shutterstock.com/image723278326 Slides 3 & 5 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/z6Mebtyyxl6TGG_NdrCrxRyzViomdH8Z5PYo9yeIbulcSLzDvKDZM93TfiepaNngsSy11Q=s113 Slide 3 https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61Js0niFgcL._AC_SL1500_.jpg Sllide 4 https://c8.alamy.com/comp/E2EFR7/hydrogen-oxygen-carbon-and-nitrogen-atom-E2EFR7.jpg Slide 7 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Bh9SwxHrlAAlFmNG61I2ftCDPutUBxLe58gDJATVjv_M5nK6Moc5AKSDIDYivl4pu9UFqrk=s95 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/q89ZfWJJmGJbeNGd0t_tusxJYu9DZpb0v7N5Sk2Ds6VidhbgLY2laIbcaNqR5En17XMwPg=s87 Slide 9 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/UUtrm2zOi6bed1EBaRz_35QEFPUNCeq_yaNgpJVC-kdj_owlEwOL-NWnI4JLInyMuLSKhQ=s85 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/52Z3RsVdvtnwwKEB2k4BHkIo9gBte7hrDugbHLze8olpesYxbpGX7XgonLahG2ji9G6J4Q=s85 Slide 10 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/d6VlJRbQDE9NlpTt2hgLIE1ukyzRCogcH4D5EpGz_22HwXI_h06c10TvmLyoof-zj9kM9ZQ=s85 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/KDFU4JDfDS_y1zah4LXKQZEialcaGiXp9e8ue5QWrAvwd4Drb1hZfC6x8-qXRXCxAvBL=s85 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/fcb0p-04R5H0OprifvpBlKL9mbROyYIbuAAgI_NXx2TObsoxXR7LD3QJ-v-bpFe8l08RHw=s85
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