Pulpy Kidney Disease in Sheep and Goats
Pulpy kidney disease, caused by Clostridium perfringens type D bacteria, is a fatal condition affecting sheep and goats. This disease is often associated with sudden deaths, with predisposing factors including diet changes, intestinal stasis, high-energy diets, and more. Clinical signs vary between sheep and goats, with treatment rarely successful due to the rapid progression of the illness. Prevention strategies are key to managing this deadly disease.
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Presentation Transcript
Pulpy Kidney Disease By Dr. Hussein AlNaji
2 Pulpy kidney is a common and fatal disease in Sheep and Goats (and also cattle). It is caused by a bacteria which is normally found in the intestines of sheep/goats. The causative agent of Type D enterotoxemia is C perfringens type D Animals of any age are susceptible however young, fast growing animals, usually 3 weeks to 3 months are more susceptible because their rumen is still adapting to eating high energy rations and some of the feed
3 Predisposing factors to disease outbreaks include: 1. Changes in diet, 2. Stasis of the intestinal tract (insufficient roughage) 3. Grazing on fodder crops, 4. High protein and energy diets 5. Deworming, 6. Coccidiosis, roundworms. 7. Sudden changes in the weather 8. Wilting of pasture. The interval between predisposing factor and disease may be 2- 14 days (usually 7-14).
Pathogenesis 4 When a feed is changed to one with a high starch content Flora has not adapted to some of the starch which would normally be converted to fatty acids in the rumen. Carbohydrate passes into the intestine lead to proliferation of Clostridium perfringens type D Production of toxins including epsilon toxin Epsilon toxin is activated by trypsin in the small intestine Lead to increases the toxicity by thousand-fold. The toxin causes an increase in the permeability of capillaries.
5 Clinical signs Sheep Usually sheep in very good condition die with no associated signs. In some cases the animal may show signs of abdominal pain with the abdomen also being bloated and they show other neurological signs and soon die afterwards or after a few days.
6 Goats In goats the signs are divided into 3 syndromes, peracute (very rapid), acute (short duration) and chronic syndromes Peracute Syndrome: Sudden deaths of goats with no signs Acute Syndrome: Goats develop a severe diarrhoea, experience abdominal pain and convulsion. They may recover (or die) in 2 4 days. Chronic Syndrome: They develop a diarrhoea and lose weight over a long period that can last weeks.
7 Necropsy finding The carcass rapidly decomposes The small intestines look very reddened and are filled with gas The kidney is very dark and is very soft and is usually badly decomposed. (Which is why it s called pulpy kidney) Treatment Treatment is almost always never successful because of how rapid the diseases develops
8 Prevention Pulpy kidney can be prevented by maintaining a sheep vaccination program. The vaccine is available in various combinations: With tetanus and cheesy gland (CLA) vaccine (3-in-1 vaccine) With other clostridial vaccines, such as that for tetanus, blackleg, black disease and malignant oedema (6-in-1 vaccine) With selenium and vitamin B12 (or both) With moxidectin (in an injectable form) to treat worms.
9 Thank You
