Pyrethroid Insecticides and Their Impact on Animals
Explore the world of pyrethroid insecticides, their classifications, mechanisms of action, clinical signs of toxicity, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Dive into the details of pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and their effects on mammalian and avian species, highlighting the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment in cases of toxicity.
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Presentation Transcript
Pyrethroid Insecticides Dr. Kumari Anjana Assistant Professor Deptt. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna
Content of the chapter Introduction Classification Mechanism of action Clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment
Pyrethrins This is a closely related group of naturally occurring compounds that are ingredients of pyrethrum. the active insecticidal Pyrethrum is extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefoliumand has been an effective insecticide for many years. Synergists, such as piperonyl butoxide, sesamex, piperonyl cyclonene, etc, are added to increase stability and effectiveness. This is accomplished by inhibiting mixed function oxidases, enzymes that unfortunately, this also potentiates mammalian toxicity. destroy pyrethrum;
Pyrethroids These are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins and include Allethrin, Cypermethrin, Decamethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate, Permethrin, Tetramethrin.
Mechanism of action Nerve poisons like DDT. Prolonged depolarization (delayed closure of Na channels) and repetitive discharge. Piperonyl butoxide and potentiate pyrethoid insecticidal and mammalian toxicity (inhibition of mixed function microsomal oxidases i.e. by preventing detoxification of pyrethroids). piperonyl cyclonene Pyrethroids are relatively less toxic in mammals and birds, but highly toxic to fish.
Clinical signs Mainly behavioural and nervous signs: Anxiety, aggressiveness, jumping over unseen objects, wall climbing, hypersensitive fasciculations/twitching of facial and eyelid muscles. to external stimuli, Spasms of fore and hind quarter muscles, champing of jaw, hyperthermia, dyspnoea, terminal convulsions, collapse and death (due to respiratory failure). In addition some autonomic signs like mild salivation (frothy), mydriasis and urination are also seen.
Diagnosis History, circumstantial evidence, clinical signs, identification of the insecticide in feed, water, ruminal content or tissues.
Treatment No specific antidote. Symptomatic nervous signs (barbiturate, chloral hydrate or diazepam), respiratory depression (analeptics). Treatment: Excitement and Reduce Absorption: Saline purgatives (not oily), gastric lavage. Supportive treatment: IV fluid and electrolyte therapy.
