Quantitative Analytical Chemistry Solutions and Mixtures Overview
Explore the world of solutions in Quantitative Analytical Chemistry with a focus on homogeneous mixtures, types of mixtures, formation of solutions, degree of saturation, and more. Understand the state of solvents, solutes, and the dynamics of solute dissolution. Delve into the concepts of hydrated ions, ion-dipole interactions, and the characteristics of saturated and unsaturated solutions.
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Presentation Transcript
Al-Mustaqbal University College of Science Quantitative Analytical Chemistry First Year Students / 2nd Semester 3rd Lecture - Solutions 2024-2025 By Prof. Dr. Naser Abdulhasan Naser
TYPES OFMIXTURES Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Colloids Solutions Suspensions
Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent. State of solution State of solvent State of solute Example Gas Gas Gas Air Liquid Liquid Gas Air in water Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol in water Liquid Liquid Salt Salt in water Solid Solid Gas Hydrogen in palladium Solid Solid Liquid Mercury in silver Solid Solid Solid Silver in gold
Formation of Solution A B C Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules The ions are solvated (surrounded by solvent)
WaterSolution Solvated water by water) are said to be hydrated ions in (surrounded Hydrated Ions ion-dipole The force here is ion-dipole intermolecular
Degree of saturation Saturated Solution 1.Solvent holds as much solute as it possible at that temperature. 2. Undissolved solid remains in flask. 3. Dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with solid solute particles Unsaturated Solution 1. Less than the maximum amount of solute for that temperature is dissolved in the solvent. 2. No solid remains in flask.
