Reasons for Transitioning to Alternative Refrigerants
Discover why transitioning to alternative refrigerants is essential in response to bans on certain substances, key dates for compliance, and the significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Learn about the implications for the refrigeration industry and why adopting new technologies is crucial for environmental preservation.
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Presentation Transcript
Fgas : Why we need alternatives Seamus Kerr BE, MEngSc, MIEI, MIRI, MASHRAE AREA(1) seamus@rslireland.com www.instituteofrefrigerationireland.ie
Content : Important dates Service bans Supply of product/phase down Alternative Refrigerants
Content : Important dates
Content : Equipment and Service Bans
Bans Service Bans (HFC s) 2020 Equipment 40T CO2 equivalent and 2500 GWP
Content : Phase Down
Phase Down 115MTonnes CO2 equivalent
Phase Down 2015 : 180 MTonnes CO2 equivalent = 45M kg of R404A or 126M kg R134a 2030 : 39 MTonnes CO2 equivalent = 9.8M kg of R404A or 27M kg R134a
Phase Down British Refrigeration Association PURR report Putting into Use Replacement Refrigerants Estimate 11000 tonnes R404A installed in UK 43M CO2 tonnes equivalent in R404A alone R410A, R22, R134a........... Germany, France, Poland, England + 24
Phase Down 115MTonnes CO2 equivalent UK R404A installed estimate
GWP AREA : Fgas Guide
GWP AREA : Fgas Guide
GWP and Phase down R23 = 14800 R508B = 13396 (R508A) R404A = 3922 (R507, R422D,R422A) 2500 R407A = 2107 (R407F = 1705) R410A = 2088 R442A = 1888 R134A = 1430 R449A = 1397 R448A = 1273 R452B = 698 (A2L) R32 = 675 (A2L) R513A = 631 (A1) R1234yf = 4, AC5 = <100 CO2 = 1, NH3 = 0, R600a, R1270 and R290 = 0 750 150
Supply and demand Quota No refrigerant manufacturing or blending in Ireland Very little Irish held quota >90% of refrigerant into Ireland based on UK/other quota Both Germany and Spanish associations have issued warnings about shortages. Brexit?
GWP and Phase down R23 = 14800 R508B = 13396 (R508A) R404A = 3922 (R507, R422D,R422A) 2500 R407A = 2107 (R407F = 1705) R410A = 2088 R442A = 1888 R134A = 1430 R449A = 1397 R448A = 1273 R452B = 698 (A2L) R32 = 675 (A2L) R513A = 631 (A1) R1234yf = 4 (A2L), AC5 = <100 CO2 = 1, NH3 = 0, R600a, R1270 and R290 = 0 750 150
Content : Alternatives
Low Temperature Applications -70 o R23 = 14800 R508B = 13396 (R508A) Current available HFO alternatives : None Quota holders not wasting quota on R508 Future alternative : Ethane R170 Ethylene R1150 Hydrocarbons, extremely flammable New system required Very few systems readily available Atex Regulations Engineering support limited Walk in room, no alternative currently
R404A and R507 (R22) Alternatives R404A = 3922 (R507, R422D,R422A) R407A = 2107 (R407F = 1705) R410A = 2088 (not suitable for retrofit) R442A = 1888 R134A = 1430 (not suitable for retrofit) R449A = 1397 R448A = 1273 R452B = 675 (not suitable for retrofit) R32 = 675 75% quota material (There were shortages)
R404A and R507 (R22) Alternatives R404A = 3922 (R507, R422D,R422A) R407A = 2107 (R407F = 1705) R410A = 2088 (not suitable for retrofit) R442A = 1888 R134A = 1430 (not suitable for retrofit) R449A = 1397 R448A = 1273 (Patented product, supplies limited) R452B = 675 (not suitable for retrofit) R32 = 675 (not suitable for retrofit) Supplies not guaranteed Prices will rise Alternative Lower GWP Refrigerant properties are different TX valve changes/adjustments Higher discharge temperatures
R410A Alternatives R410A = 2088 R452B = 675. A2L aimed at new equipment R32 = 675 : A2L for new equipment R466A = 733 : CF3I (methane-iodine derivative) Stability? Supplies not guaranteed Product most likely to become unavailable (SK) Most likely first applications needing equipment change. Prices will rise Currently no lower GWP retrofit available 2018 - bad summer in Southern Europe, aircon sales v low.
Content : Long Term Alternatives
Alternative long term refrigerants HFO R1234yf (ze, zd etc.) A2L Ammonia NH3, R717 CO2, R714 HC (R290A, R600, R1270) A2L Low GWP refrigerants Others
Alternative long term synthetic refrigerants HFO R1234yf (ze, zd etc.) Expensive production process Unknown long term environmental impact R134a replacement - HFO/HFC blends (R466A) Stability, methane-iodide derivative? Not readily available on market yet Compressor manufacturers approval
Alternative long term refrigerants CO2, R714 Most popular replacement refrigerant so far Increasing number of contractors trying it Very very high pressures Poor energy performance (reports of 8 to 14% higher energy usage) Most solutions aimed at the supermarket sector Smaller solutions coming Complete equipment change Big investment in training needed Lack of training/experience is dangerous
Alternative long term refrigerants NH3, R717, Ammonia 80+ yrs experience in Ireland in small % of contractors Increasing number of contractors considering it Standard pressures Good energy performance Toxic Most new solutions aimed packaged chiller market Smaller solutions coming (equipment available) Complete equipment change Low level of training required
Alternative long term refrigerants Propane - R290, Propylene - R1270 40 yrs experience in Ireland in small % of contractors Increasing number of contractors trying it Good energy performance, standard pressures Very flammable Most solutions aimed at very small applications Legal limits exist Standard 61C/792 is changing Bigger solutions coming (equipment available) Complete equipment change
Alternative long term refrigerants A2L (Low GWP refrigerants) Very little experience Increasing number contractors with experience in Ireland Standard pressures Good energy performance Mildly flammable? Most solutions aimed at split air conditioning (<750 GWP) Complete equipment change
Future ? Supply shortages Massive prices increases Skill shortages Technology lag Training lag Phase down will be too severe and will have negative economic impact
