Recognizing Contributions: Importance of Awards in IEEE Region 3
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Ministry of Higher Education And Scientific Research Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science Extremes of some climatic elements (soil temperature) in the province of Baghdad By ZahraaArif Hussein
Impacts of Extreme Heat Stress and Increased Soil Temperature on Plant Growth Soil temperature is one of the most important meteorological variables has strong influences on plant development and soil activity. Soil temperature play critical role based on a different of environmental parameters including weather conditions physical variables topographical variables 1. 2. 3.
Heat stress Heat stress is defined as the rise in air temperature for a period sufficient to cause permanent damage to plant growth and development Heat stress is a complex function of intensity, duration, and the rate of the increase in air temperature. Temperature extremes can alter the chemical and biological characteristics of soils. Urban locations often have higher soil temperatures than rural areas because of the heat that is absorbed by and reflected from buildings the effect of an increase in soil temperature (as a result of increase in air temperature) may be even stronger when accompanied by a decline in soil water content.
Impact increased soil temperature on plant growth Soil development directly and indirectly. temperature influence plant Extreme heat stress can reduce plant photosynthetic efficiencies and plant root development, collectively can yield. and negatively transpiration impact which negatively impact The decline in the photosynthetic rate under both heat and water stresses are frequently attributed to
soil warming and climate change Soil temperature is one of the major climate factors that affect CO2 emission. carbon is stored in the world's soils including wetlands and permafrost than is present in the atmosphere soil can be either a source or sink for atmospheric CO2 Ecosystem warming due to global climatic change has also been found to change rates of soil respiration through variations in soil temperature and soil moisture and speed up soil respiration and thus increase CO2 emission
Model Input parameters M1 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t) M2 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1) M3 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1), T(t-2) M4 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2), RH(t) M5 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2),RH(t), RH(t-1) M6 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2),RH(t),RH(t-1), RH(t-2) M7 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2),RH(t),RH(t-1),RH(t-2), SLR(t) M8 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2),RH(t),RH(t-1),RH(t-2),SLR(t),SLR(t-1) M9 ST(t-1),ST(t-2),ST(t-3),T(t),T(t-1),T(t-2),RH(t),RH(t-1),RH(t-2),SLR(t),SLR(t-1), SLR(t -2)
Optimum Neural Network Models Fig: The architecture of optimal neural network.
